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Innermost Asia : vol.1 |
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languages.¹⁸ᵃ This conclusion is supported by the fact that the Burish or Wurish are considered
to be of the same caste as the Yashkun who form the entire population of Puniāl, below Gūpis,
and a very strong element numerically lower down also in the Gilgit valley, as well as in Astōr and
Darēl.¹⁹ There is apparently little at present to distinguish the Burish or Wurish people (Fig. 42)
in physical features from the type prevailing among the Dard-speaking population, whether of the
Yashkun or of other castes in those valleys. But in view of the absence of adequate and systemati-
cally collected anthropological materials the relation between linguistic and racial divisions in this
area can scarcely as yet be examined with profit.²⁰
Mountain In my preceding observations on the geographical features, &c., of Yāsīn I have specifically
tract of had in view the main valley, i. e. Wurshigūm. But in a political sense Yāsīn all through its modern
Kho. history included also the small mountain tracts of Kho (Kuh) and Ghizar on the uppermost Gilgit
river, and having regard to their geographical position it is clear that this must have been the
case also during earlier periods. A brief reference to them is, therefore, needed here. The tract,
designated as Kho by Colonel Biddulph but spelt Kuh by more recent authorities,²¹ comprises
the very narrow strip of valley through which the Gilgit river passes immediately above and below
its junction with the Yāsīn river at Gūpis. The fact that with a total length of about thirty miles
this portion of the valley counted in 1900 a population of only some 1,200 souls, sufficiently illustrates
its very confined nature. Of the small side valleys which join it from the south and are included
with it, only the Batres-gāh Nullah supports a few hamlets. A very narrow defile, defended by an
old tower some miles above the mouth of Batres-gāh, divides Kho from Ghizar, while eastwards,
in a still more difficult gorge extending for about nine miles, lies the boundary towards Puniāl
and Gilgit.²² It is this easily defended defile which forms the true natural barrier between Yāsīn
and Gilgit and explains the inclusion of Kho in the former territory.
Ghizar The Ghizar tract extends right up to the watershed towards Mastūj and Chitrāl, formed by
tract. an easy saddle (12,250 feet above the sea) immediately west of the Shandur lake. The upper part
of the valley from above Ghizar proper is fairly open, and this accounts for the presence of a
population about twice as large as that of Kho. The importance of the district, however, is due
solely to the easy route which it affords for communication between Lāspur and Mastūj on the
one side and Yāsīn and Gilgit on the other. The facilities afforded by this route explain why
Mastūj and Yāsīn, though on opposite sides of a mighty mountain range rising to peaks over
21,000 feet in height, were yet for a long period united under one rule. They help us also to under-
stand why the Chinese mission which Wu-k'ung accompanied about A. D. 751, coming from the
Pāmīrs via the Barōghil, chose the detour through Mastūj, Lāspur and Ghizar, as I have elsewhere
shown that they probably did, in order ultimately to reach Udyāna from the Yāsīn side.²³
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