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| 0124 |
Innermost Asia : vol.1 |
| 極奥アジア : vol.1 |
引用情報
OCR読み取り結果
testimony also of the aridity of the climate in a curious notice of Sung Yün about Han-p'an-t'o
or Sarīkol. He specially mentions that its inhabitants had to catch watercourses, i. e. to irrigate,
in order to do their sowing, and dilates upon their incredulity when told that in China cultivators
relied upon rainfall for this purpose.¹⁰
Faryād-
ariki traced
towards
Tāsh-
kurghān. From the little grazing oasis of Rang we turned up the wide alluvial fan of the Taghash
valley in order to visit the old 'Kurghān' at its mouth, of which I had first heard on my passage
along the left river bank in 1906.¹¹ This 'site' was found to consist merely of the ruins of some
rubble-built huts of uncertain date. But the detour rewarded me in a grand view to the north
across the main Sarikol valley and Tagharma as far as the huge snowy dome of Muztāgh-ata
and its glacier-girt buttresses. From Jurgāl-gumbaz, where our camp stood that evening, the
'Faryād-ariki' continued to be traceable, in a clear and almost unbroken line, as we marched
on September 11 down to Tāsh-kurghān. Rashīd Bēg was also able to point out to me, on the
left bank, the head of an ancient canal which once took off from the river opposite Jurgāl-gumbaz
and irrigated all the alluvial plateaux on that side right down to Ak-tam. What small patches
of ground have now been brought under cultivation again at that point or near the mouth of the
Pit and Vanaizraf 'Jilgas' are all irrigated from side-streams.
Site of
Bāzār-
dasht. Farther down, after a ride of about eleven miles from Jurgāl-gumbaz, we reached the head
of the wide bare plain that local tradition knows, under the significant name of Bāzār-dasht, as
the site of a large ancient settlement. The 'Faryād-ariki' keeps above it along the foot of a well-
marked alluvial terrace; but on moving across the Bāzār-dasht I noticed the traces of what
evidently had been a large branch canal, as well as of several distributaries. I observed that the
plain is here covered with a layer, three to four inches thick, of small stones, below which is found
soft fertile soil, evidently riverine loess. This distinctly recalled the character of the ground
surrounding the Mirān site far away near Lop-nōr,¹² which I had noted in 1907. The inference
that here too the condition of the surface is due to deflation was soon confirmed by my examination
of the structural remains that still survive at Bāzār-dasht, of which I had already heard in 1900.¹³
Walls
eroded by
wind. The badly breached fragments of a large and once massive walled enclosure in stamped clay,
which I traced at a point almost opposite Ak-tam, as marked in Map No. 3. c. 1, betrayed only
too plainly the effect of long-continued wind erosion. Of the circumvallation a length of about
190 yards could be made out on the north-west face, in broken sections of varying thickness, and
one of about 60 yards to the south-west. Nowhere do the extant walls rise to more than three or
four feet above the ground, and in many places they have been worn down so as to be almost flush
with it. This advanced state of erosion points clearly to the considerable antiquity of the site;
but no definite chronological indication could be found. As regards the local winds whose effect
is so strikingly noticed on this bare plain, I may mention that according to the information received
at Tāsh-kurghān they blow generally from the north and north-east and are often prolonged
and of considerable force during the spring and winter. The rapid progress of their denuding
effect on bare ground may be gathered from the fact that outside the gate of the small defensible
post built by the Russians at Tāsh-kurghān I noticed a distinct lowering of the ground level
through this cause since its construction about 1903.
Old canal
near
Toghlān-
shahr. A short distance below the north end of the Bāzār-dasht the bed of the river widens greatly,
and it is from here that the canal takes off which at present carries water across the scrub-covered
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587
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597
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607
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617
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627
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637
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647
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657
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667
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677
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684
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