Innermost Asia : vol.1 / 500 ページ（カラー画像）

0500	Innermost Asia : vol.1
極奥アジア : vol.1

for the fact that just where the two routes unite to pass between the fort and the little stream separat-
ing the site from the lands of Shih-êrh-tun, there stands, as seen in the map, a small shrine, such
as is always to be found at points marking an ancient 'Gate station'.

Names of
Shih-êrh-
tun and
Shih-tun. In the continued use of the route which leads past Shih-êrh-tun eastwards to Hua-hai-tzŭ or
Ying-p'an (Map No. 40. D. 5) and thence to Su-chou we may with some probability recognize
the reason to which the towers at Shih-êrh-tun itself and those found east of it as far as T. XLII. j
owe their later repairs. They would naturally be used in times of trouble in order to safeguard
an exposed route between two outlying settlements. But the very maintenance of these watch-
towers down to recent times also helps to explain the designations borne by Shih-êrh-tun 十二墩
and by the small hamlet of Shih-tun 十墩 about five miles farther east.²¹

Hydro
graphical
observa-
tions. Before carrying farther our survey of the line of the Limes, it will be convenient to record here
certain hydrographical observations, made first in the vicinity of Shih-êrh-tun and then confirmed
by others eastwards. They have an important bearing on the question of the Su-lo-ho drainage
and present a distinct geographical interest. I had already observed, on the occasion of my recon-
naissance to this ground from Yü-mên-hsien on September 21, 1907, that the lively little stream,
passing Shih-êrh-tun on the north side and farther on expanding in a marshy bed towards Shih-tun,
was flowing in an easterly direction, as duly shown in the map of Serindia (No. 85. A, B. 2). It
was obvious that this streamlet, locally known as Hsi-wan-ho, could, like the canals which irrigate
the lands of Shih-êrh-tun and Fang-pa-ying-tzŭ, a hamlet adjacent on the east, receive its water
only from the Su-lo-ho.

Direction
of Hsi-wan-
ho stream-
let. But the details of this connexion could not be ascertained on that rapid visit. It therefore
remained an open question what becomes of this drainage, which takes an easterly course and thus
flows in a direction exactly opposite to that which the Su-lo-ho follows from near its great bend.
The problem deserved all the more attention because Professor Futterer's text and map indicated
a westerly course for the stream passing Shih-êrh-tun and Shih-tun ;²² and also because of the
extensive lake or marsh bed which is shown by the Chinese 'Wu-ch'ang map' to the north of the
Su-lo-ho bend as well as to the east of it, and which on the strength of it has found its way into
recent European cartography.²³

Irrigation
brought
from Su-lo-
ho. A survey reconnaissance made by Lāl Singh to the south of Shih-êrh-tun (Map No. 40.
c. 5) ascertained that its irrigation and that of Fa-pa-ying-tzŭ is brought by canals from the
Su-lo-ho, which pass through the northernmost extension of the Yü-mên-hsien oasis and at their
ends unite with the Hsi-wan-ho. This streamlet itself is fed by springs rising in a bed which comes
from the south-west and undoubtedly represents an old flood channel of the Su-lo-ho. To the south
of T. XLII. a this bed is joined from the west by a marshy Nullah, which in 1907 was followed for
over two miles to a point where it turns south in the direction of the Su-lo-ho.²⁴ The whole of this

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