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| 0674 |
Innermost Asia : vol.1 |
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the 'Western Countries' in Chapter CXVIII of the Hou Han shu devotes to these small principalities.
We are told there : ' The anterior tribe and posterior tribe [of Chü-shih] with the eastern Chü-mi
東且彌, Pei-lu 卑陸, P'u-lei 蒲 類 and 移支 I-chih constitute [what are called] the six kingdoms
of Chü-shih 車 師 六 國 ; to the north, they border on the Hsiung-nu.'¹³ Among the territories
here enumerated the ' anterior tribe ' and the ' posterior tribe ' of Chü-shih undoubtedly correspond,
as has long been recognized, to the present Turfān district and the Guchen tract immediately to
the north of it, on the opposite slopes of the T'ien-shan (Map No. 28. c, D. 1–3).¹⁴ Of Pei-lu,
which the Wei lio mentions under the slightly different name of Pi-lu 畢 陸, it must suffice here
to state that, according to the indications furnished by the position it occupies in the topographically
arranged list given by the Wei lio of the principalities along the ' new northern route ', it must be
looked for in all probability along the string of oases that line the northern foot of the high snowy
portion of the T'ien-shan known as the Bogdo-ula range, between Guchen and Urumchi.¹⁵
Name
P'u-lei
transferred
to west. The name P'u-lei 蒲 類 given to the fifth of the ' kingdoms ' is undoubtedly that borne
by the Barkul lake. But the account given by the Hou Han shu of this territory makes it equally
certain, as already pointed out by M. Chavannes, that it must have been situated in a valley of
the T'ien-shan much farther away to the west, probably well beyond the present Urumchi.¹⁶
M. Chavannes has also indicated, in the same passage of the Hou Han shu, what is a most likely
explanation of this transference of the name P'u-lei. It records that, at a period when the ' Western
Countries' were controlled by the Hsiung-nu, the king of P'u-lei had offended the ' Shan-yü ' 單 于
or supreme chief of the Huns. The angry Shan-yü thereupon deported more than six thousand
people of P'u-lei to a territory known as A-o 阿 惡, situated at a distance of ninety marches from
Posterior Chü-shih on the extreme right or western flank of the Hsiung-nu. But some of the exiled
people ' in their wretchedness escaped thence to this mountain gorge and settling there founded
a kingdom '.¹⁷
Barkul
designated
as I-chih. In immediate continuation of this account we are told that ' the kingdom of I-chih 移 支
occupies the territory of P'u-lei ', and M. Chavannes was evidently right in concluding from this
statement that I-chih was situated in the region of the Barkul lake. The description given of its
people fully accords with this location. ' There are over a thousand households, with more than three
thousand individuals and more than a thousand good fighting men.' The people are described
as brave and warlike, habitually given to robbery and leading a nomadic existence, without practis-
ing agriculture. We see clearly that whether the people occupying I-chih, i.e. the Barkul valley,
at the time when they were thus described by the Later Han Annals, were a Hun tribe reduced
to subjection or of another origin, the conditions favouring pastoral life in the Barkul valley had
not changed.
Kingdom of
' Eastern
Chü-mi '. There still remains the sixth ' kingdom ', that of ' Eastern Chü-mi 東 且 彌 ', to be identified,
and for location of this, too, the list of the Wei lio affords definite topographical guidance. The
territories of Eastern Chü-mi and Western Chü-mi are the first to be named in the list among those
dependent upon Posterior Chü-shih through which ran the ' new northern route ' after emerging
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684
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