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| 0022 |
Innermost Asia : vol.2 |
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Ch'i-ku-ching, crosses the watershed on this depressed portion of the range by a saddle about
5,600 feet above sea-level. In the valley leading down north-westwards to the station of Ta-shih-t'o
(Fig. 290) a small stream gathers from springs, which permits cultivation to be maintained for a
couple of miles. Here the second section of the ground may be considered to end; for beyond,
a waterless stony waste extends along the foot of the range, practically without vegetation, for a
distance of over thirty miles.
Position of
Eastern
Chü-mi. When discussing above the topographical notices furnished by the Later Han Annals and the
Wei lio of the territories along the northern slopes of the T'ien-shan, I called attention to the definite
indication furnished by the latter text as regards Eastern Chü-mi 東 且 彌. It is mentioned
as the first and easternmost of the territories reached north of the range by the 'new route of the
north' after emerging from the desert to the south-east.⁴ In view of the plain and unalterable
geographical facts, there can be no possible doubt that the 'new route of the north' leading to those
territories from the Jade Gate must have crossed the T'ien-shan, just as the present high road does,
by the saddle above Ta-shih-t'o. The fact, I believe, justifies us in assuming that the ground
described by me as the second section belonged to Eastern Chü-mi. It is possible that the first
section crossed by our route was also included in this territory.
Extent of
Eastern
Chü-mi
under
Later Han. From the circumstance that the description in the Later Han Annals mentions only Eastern
Chü-mi and not Western Chü-mi, which the Wei lio's list names as lying next to the west, Hsü Sung,
the commentator of the Hou Han shu, concludes that the latter territory was at the time of the
Later Han dynasty absorbed by Eastern Chü-mi.⁵ In support of this assumption it may be pointed
out that the notice in the Later Han Annals, which describes the people of Eastern Chü-mi as
nomads, living in huts and tents and having but little cultivation, ascribes to them a total of three
thousand households, while attributing a total of only a thousand to the 'kingdom of I-chih' 移支
which, we have seen, must be identified with the valley of Barkul.⁶ For this comparatively large
population of Eastern Chü-mi we should find it easy to account, if the territory at the time included
not only the valleys and plateaus west of Barkul which we have briefly described, but also the much
better watered slopes of the rising portion of the range above the road between Mu-li-ho and
Guchen. There we find abundant forest clothing the spurs and higher valleys, while cultivation
can, to a fair extent, be practised lower down.
Barren
stony
plateaus. On October 13th we crossed the barren stony and utterly waterless plateaus that lie between
Ta-shih-t'o and the wretched roadside station of San-ko-ch'üan (Map No. 31 B. 1). The march
of twenty-seven miles was covered in a trying blizzard. These plateaus offered a characteristic
sample of the region that stretches along the northern foot of the depression in the range. This
third section of the ground may be said to extend westwards for about another fourteen miles,
taking the form of a clayey steppe with very scanty scrub. Throughout this section there is
practically no grazing to be found, except perhaps in some glens where the range again rises to
heights of over 10,000 feet.
Pastures
above
Mu-li-ho. A marked change in the aspect of the country occurred when we reached the first cultiva-
tion at the village of Mu-li-ho. It was quite Chinese in its appearance and population; but among
its inhabitants was found a well-to-do Yārkandī trader who claimed to be a British Indian subject
and offered hospitable shelter. He had come to this place by reason of the recent migration of the
Kazaks, with whom he had previously traded for years in their old seats on the Altai, while he
himself resided in Kobdo, Uliassutai, &c. The information he was able to give about the new
grazing grounds occupied by his Kazak clientèle on the T'ien-shan slopes to the south was the more
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697
698
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