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| 0023 |
Innermost Asia : vol.2 |
| 極奥アジア : vol.2 |
引用情報
OCR読み取り結果
welcome that the hazy atmosphere in which we had travelled ever since the blizzard caught us at
Ta-shih-t'o had completely obliterated all distant views.⁷ Ibrāhīm Ākhūn informed me that
rich pastures are to be found among the wooded spurs and valleys that descend from the T'ien-shan
towards Mu-li-ho and the other oases farther west. This was fully in keeping with what might
be expected, having regard to the great height that the range here reaches. But I was surprised
to learn at the same time how human activity, aided by the favourable climate, was modifying the
use of those pastures.
The notable change of climatic conditions that occurs along this portion of the range is best
illustrated by the fact that on the slopes lying below the forest zone cultivation can be carried on
without irrigation. Farther down, in the oases which the high road to Guchen crosses, watering
from canals is necessary to supplement the moisture derived from rain and snow. Ibrāhīm Ākhūn
placed the northern limit of unirrigated lands at a distance of about 'thirty li' or roughly six miles
from the road, and this statement was subsequently confirmed by what I myself observed on my way
from Jimasa to Ch'uan-tzŭ-chieh (Map No. 28. c. 1). All this cultivation is carried on by Chinese
colonists, whose numbers are being steadily increased by new settlers drawn from China proper.
Some idea of the extent and value of the lands thus brought under new cultivation could be gathered
from the statement that thousands of Turfān labourers come every summer from across the moun-
tains to be employed in harvest and other operations at wages greatly in excess of the rates prevailing
in the oases of the Tārīm basin. Thus the close intercourse which, since ancient times, must have
existed between 'Anterior and Posterior Chü-shih', i. e. Turfān and the present Guchen region,
notwithstanding the mountain barrier, was rendered manifest by a modern illustration immediately
on my approach to this string of northern oases. The rapidly proceeding development of the
agricultural resources offered by the mountain slopes was evidently leading already to a restriction
of the available pastures ; for the fifteen hundred odd 'tents' of Kazaks that had moved from the
north to the Guchen tract were reported to be finding the allotted grazing lands inadequate to the
needs of their herds and flocks, and to be eager to return to the Altai.
At Mu-li-ho I felt that we had entered the fourth section of our journey from Barkul, and the
impressions there received were fully confirmed on the two marches that brought us to Guchen
on October 16th. The route was now leading downwards and farther away from the mountains.
Yet the country that we traversed west of Mu-li-ho throughout showed the character of a grassy
steppe, where not actually under cultivation. From the eastern edge of the large tract that once
formed the separate sub-prefecture of Chi-t'ai-hsien (Map No. 28. D. 1), cultivation became con-
tinuous and in the main seemed to be dependent on rainfall only, canals being shallow and few.
The agricultural population here, too, was entirely Chinese ; but the neglected condition of most
of the fields suggested that it was either still not large enough to cultivate all the available land,
or else was being drawn away to ground farther to the south where more certain rainfall assured
better crops. Beyond the Chi-t'ai-hsien tract the route descended a wide alluvial fan covered with
plentiful vegetation but uncultivated. Far away to the north high dunes of sand could be seen,
outposts of Dzungarian desert belt that separates the foot of the T'ien-shan from the southernmost
outliers of the Altai.
In the midst of an area clothed with abundant grass and scrub but only sparsely cultivated,
stands the large town of Ku-ch'êng-tzŭ (or Guchen as it is known in Turkī). Its population,
large Bazars and massive circumvallation give it all the appearance of a true Chinese city. Its
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