National Institute of Informatics - Digital Silk Road Project
Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books
|
|
Color Thumbnail -
Table of Contents -
Page Number -
Biliographic Information (Metadata) -
Caption -
Color Image -
Gray HighRes. Image -
Facing Pages -
Graphics -
| 0025 |
Innermost Asia : vol.2 |
Citation Information
OCR Text
crossing the pass of Pa-no-p'a, was evidently identical with a route described in an itinerary of the
T'ang Annals, translated by M. Chavannes, as leading from the old capital of Turfān Chiao-ho
交 河, the present Yār-khoto, to Pei-t'ing 北 庭. This place, the seat of an important Chinese
Protectorate of T'ang times, corresponding to Chin-man 金 滿 of the Han period,¹ had been
correctly located by a Chinese antiquarian scholar, Hsü Sung, the author of the Hsi yü shui tao chï,
at a ruined site to the north of the town of Jimasa, situated one march to the south-west of Guchen.
It therefore seemed easy to combine a visit to the remains of Pei-t'ing with the subsequent journey
due south by the Pa-no-p'a pass.
But Li Ta-lao-yeh had not failed to warn me that the Pa-no-p'a pass was liable to be closed for
a time by heavy snow-fall in the autumn, and moreover the state of my leg still made riding rather
trying and walking for any but short distances very difficult. It was therefore wise to avoid the
risk entailed by a long postponement of the crossing. As the route is practicable only for mules,
ponies, or donkeys, and in places, as I found later, difficult even for these when laden, I decided
to send our camels with all dispensable baggage to Turfān across the Ku-ch'üan pass (Map No.
31. B. 1, 2). This easterly route, leading via San-ko-ch'üan towards Pichan, is the nearest in that
direction by which laden camels can be taken. Lāl Singh was put in charge of the convoy and thus
secured an opportunity for surveying that portion of the range which the persistent dust-haze,
following the blizzard of October 12th–13th, had rendered completely invisible during the days of
our journey to Guchen.
On October 19th I started with Afrāz-gul from Guchen by the high road leading to Urumchi.
A march of thirteen miles, through a grassy steppe crossed by a number of streams and dotted
in places with village lands, brought us to the eastern edge of a large tract of continuous cultivation
belonging to the sub-prefecture of Fu-yüan.² From the small and modest town which contains
its head-quarters and is generally known by its non-Chinese name of Jimasa, I visited on the
following day the ruined site where the ancient Pei-t'ing has been rightly located. Before I record
the observations made at the site, which, as far as I know, has so far not been described by
any European archaeologist, I may here briefly indicate the reasons in favour of this important
identification, as extracted by M. Chavannes from Hsü Sung's geographical treatise published in
1823.³
The identification primarily rests upon a Chinese inscription of the T'ang period actually
found at the site, which definitely proved that it was once occupied by the sub-prefecture of Chin-
man 金 滿.⁴ A passage of the Chiu T'ang shu, composed in the second quarter of the tenth century,
states that 'Chin-man in Later Han times was the seat of the Posterior king of Chü-shih 車 師 後 王'.
When the kingdom of Kao-ch'ang (Kara-khōja), i.e. Turfān, passed under Chinese domination in
A.D. 640, the district head-quarters of T'ing Chou 庭 州 were established there. Subsequently
this district was changed in A.D. 702 into the Protectorate of Pei-t'ing 北 庭, constituting one of
the Four Garrisons among which the Chinese dominions in Central Asia were administratively
divided. The above passage of the Chiu T'ang shu also states that the ancient royal seat of Posterior
Chü-shih comprised five towns, 'whence its popular designation was the territory of the five towns
五 城'. Hence Hsü Sung, and apparently other Chinese antiquarians before him, very justly
concluded that the well-known Turkī name Bësh-balik, meaning 'the five towns', borne during
1
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
11
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
22
23
24
25
26
27
.
.
.
.
32
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
42
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
52
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
62
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
73
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
83
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
93
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
103
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
114
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
124
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
135
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
145
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
155
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
165
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
175
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
185
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
195
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
205
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
216
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
226
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
237
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
247
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
257
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
268
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
278
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
288
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
298
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
309
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
319
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
329
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
339
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
351
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
361
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
371
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
381
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
391
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
403
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
413
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
424
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
435
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
445
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
457
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
467
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
477
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
487
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
497
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
507
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
517
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
527
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
537
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
547
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
557
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
567
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
577
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
587
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
597
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
607
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
617
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
627
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
637
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
647
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
657
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
667
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
677
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
687
.
.
.
.
|
.
.
.
.
697
698
Copyright (C) 2003-2026
National Institute of Informatics
and
The Toyo Bunko. All Rights Reserved.
