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『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ
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| 0026 |
Innermost Asia : vol.2 |
| 極奥アジア : vol.2 |
引用情報
OCR読み取り結果
mediaeval times by Pei-t'ing, is but the reproduction of a far more ancient designation.⁵ Hsü Sung
had also duly recognized the identity of Pei-t'ing with the town which, when in possession of the
Western Turks, was known as the town of *Kagan-stūpa* ' the Khān's Stūpa ' (*K'o-han-fou-t'u*
可 汗 浮 圖) and under this name is mentioned also in Hsüan-tsang's Life.⁶
Chinese
texts sup-
porting
location. It is not within the scope of this work to show in detail that this location of Pei-t'ing is fully
borne out by the very numerous passages of T'ang texts in which this important centre figures ;
M. Chavannes's work, the *Documents sur les Tou-kiue occidentaux*, has rendered them accessible
to students who are not Sinologues. Still less can I attempt to discuss the question as to which
particular five towns were supposed at different periods to be comprised in the popular territorial
term of which the familiar *Bēsh-balik* is the mediaeval Turkī rendering. It must suffice here to
point out that the T'ang itinerary relating to the route via Pa-no-p'a to Turfān brings us by its
bearings and distances exactly to the ruined site identified by Hsü Sung with Pei-t'ing.
Visit to
site beyond
*Hu-p'u-
tzŭ*. On the morning of October 20th I started from Jimasa northward for *Hu-p'u-tzŭ* 護 僕 子,⁶ᵃ
the village beyond which the ruined town was said to be situated. The way to it led for about five
miles through cultivated ground, crossed by a number of canals and deep-cut nullahs in which
springs gather into small streams. It is the water from the latter—*kara-su*, to use the Turkī term
current in the oases along the foot of the K'un-lun—which irrigates the fields lower down, while
higher up, near the town of Jimasa, irrigation is supplied by streams descending from the moun-
tains. An abundance of elms and other trees along the boundaries of the fields suggested a fertile
soil. But there were signs that in this tract cultivation had not yet recovered from the devastation
attending the Tungan rebellion. Within the village of Hu-p'u-tzŭ, wholly Chinese and enclosed
by a tumble-down clay wall, most of the houses were in ruin. Passing fields and groves for about
another two miles, we arrived at a wide open area. There, to the west of a broad marshy nullah
drained by a stream flowing northward rise the remains of the massive clay walls that once protected
the ruined town.
Walls
enclosing
ruined
town. The outer walls, as seen in the sketch-plan Pl. 23, appear to have once enclosed a roughly
rectangular area, measuring approximately 2,160 yards from north to south and 1,260 yards from
east to west. But the north-eastern portion of this circumvallation has completely disappeared,
evidently through the eroding action of the stream which drains the marshy depression above
mentioned and which here takes a turn to the north-west. Other portions also of the walls, both of
the outer circumvallation and of an irregular-shaped inner enclosure, have suffered great decay.
In places it was only in the course of plane-tabling that the connexion between the succession of
detached clay mounds could be clearly traced. Judging from the best-preserved segments near
the north-western corner the outer walls appear to have had a thickness of about 30 feet at their
base and a height of over 20 feet, with bastions still more massive at the corners. The inner enclosure
built against the east wall would seem to have had about the same strength and has suffered equally.
Along portions of the outer enclosure cave-like rooms have been cut into the clay ; judging from
their smoke-begrimed appearance they once served as dwellings. Those seen on the inside of the
north-western corner bastion (Fig. 294) had apparently been recently searched. The floors of some
others were cleared in our presence without any finds resulting.
Decay of
interior. The condition of far-advanced decay displayed by the walls, in places approaching to complete
effacement, seemed to me to prove both that the site had long been abandoned and that there was
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52
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62
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73
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83
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93
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103
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114
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124
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135
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145
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155
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165
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175
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185
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195
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205
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216
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226
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237
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247
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257
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268
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278
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288
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298
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309
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319
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329
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339
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351
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361
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371
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381
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391
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403
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413
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424
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435
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445
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457
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467
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477
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487
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497
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507
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517
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527
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537
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547
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557
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567
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577
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587
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597
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607
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617
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627
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637
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647
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657
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667
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677
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687
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697
698
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