Innermost Asia : vol.2 / 47 ページ（カラー画像）

0047	Innermost Asia : vol.2
極奥アジア : vol.2

The Annals of the Chin dynasty afford direct evidence that, during the later portion of the Conquests
period covered by its reigns (A.D. 265–419), the chiefs of the Chang 張 family, who had set up of Chang
a local dynasty which for centuries ruled the Kan-su marches from Liang-chou, repeatedly made Liang-chou.
extensive conquests in the 'Western countries'. Thus the expedition sent by Chang Chün, which
in A.D. 345 secured Yen-ch'i (Kara-shahr) from the east, obviously presupposes the previous
submission of Turfān.¹⁵ The same is equally certain of the great expedition of Lü Kuang 呂光,
which was sent in A.D. 383 by Chang Chün's son, Chang Ch'ung-hua, and which reduced the whole
of the Tārīm basin.¹⁶ In the case of this expedition we are explicitly told that Lü Kuang was guided
by Mi-chih 彌寘, king of Anterior Chü-shih, and by Hsiu-mi-t'o 休密馱, king of Shan-shan
or the Lop tract.¹⁷ Of effective Chinese influence, if not of direct political control, exercised during
parts at least of the Chin epoch in the east and south of the Tārīm basin, we have conclusive
archaeological evidence in the Chinese documents recovered at the Niya Site and at the Lou-lan
station L.A. Considering the position of Turfān, it is difficult to believe that the same influence
did not extend simultaneously to this territory also.¹⁸

For the period extending from the beginning of the fifth century to its end some interesting Turfān
notices concerning Turfān are extracted from Chinese historical sources, especially the Pei shih, and secured by
lucidly discussed, in Professor O. Franke's important paper 'Eine chinesische Tempelinschrift aus Wu-hui.
Idikutsähri bei Turfan'.¹⁹ Mêng hsün 蒙遜, a descendant of the old Chü-ch'ü 沮渠 family,
of Hsiung-nu origin, had by A.D. 401 established himself as ruler of an independent state in Kan-su,
calling himself 'Ruler of Ho-hsi'. By 421 he had extended his power as far as Tun-huang and
had apparently also brought some Turkestān territories, among them Kao-ch'ang, into some kind
of dependence.²⁰ His son Mao-ch'ien 茂虔, who succeeded him in A.D. 433, was unable to maintain
himself against the Wei Emperor T'ai Wu-ti. After his submission in 439, Wu-hui 無諱, governor
of Chiu-ch'üan (Su-chou) and also of the Chü-ch'ü family, vainly endeavoured to make himself
independent, and by 442 retired to Shan-shan with a small force in the hope of securing for himself
a new dominion in the west.²¹ After having been appealed to for help by Kan Shuang 闞爽,
a Chinese officer who had set himself up as a petty ruler over Kao-ch'ang, he treacherously managed
to make himself master of this town and its territory, while Kan Shuang took refuge with the
powerful Juan-juan or Avars in the north.²²

Wu-hui died in 444 and was succeeded by his brother An-chou 安周, who ruled over Kao- Turfān
ch'ang, and from 450 onwards over the whole Turfān territory, until 460. In the former year he ruled by
succeeded with the help of the Juan-juan in also annexing the petty state of Chiao-ho, the former An-chou.

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国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト 『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

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国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ