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『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ
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| 0150 |
Innermost Asia : vol.2 |
| 極奥アジア : vol.2 |
引用情報
OCR読み取り結果
recognized as taken from old worn garments.¹² Where the other method was followed, the wrapping
was made up of plain cotton or silk garments as seen in v. 1 and ix. 1. Whether these had been
worn before or were specially prepared grave-clothes, could not be decided owing to the decayed
condition of the bodies and their coverings.
Rags of old
clothes
used for
wrapping. It is to the first type of wrapping that we owe a good portion of the mass of interesting textile
specimens to be surveyed below. It has also conclusively confirmed the explanation given in an
earlier chapter of the corresponding and in some ways even more interesting textile relics recovered
from the grave-pits of the Lou-lan cemetery L.C.¹³ I am unable at present to refer to any Chinese
authority mentioning this custom of dressing the dead in old rags. But it seems likely that it may
have arisen from that strong reaction against waste of wealth in disposing of the dead which appears
to have developed its full strength under the influence of the philosopher Mo-tzŭ (fifth to fourth
century B.C.).¹⁴ The casing of the feet of the dead in shoes of paper, as seen in v. 1; vi. 3, and the
use of paper for sham girdles (v. 1) and hats (vi. 3; ix. 2), were fully in keeping with this practice.
Face-covers
of figured
silk. With regard to the head of the dead the bodies examined furnished evidence of a peculiar custom
of distinct antiquarian interest. I refer to the practice of protecting the face with a separate cover,
always consisting of an oval or roughly circular piece from a polychrome figured silk, edged with a
frill of plain coloured silk. The practice, though by no means general, is attested in so many tombs
scattered over the whole of the cemetery area,¹⁵ that its wide prevalence, at least locally, during the
period to which these tombs belong cannot be subject to doubt. The interesting fact that the figured
silks used for these face-covers are almost without exception cut from stuffs worked in 'Sasanian'
style, and hence of West Asiatic origin, will be noticed below in the review of Astāna textiles.¹⁶
Metal
spectacles
placed over
eyes. Another curious custom, evidently closely connected with the use of these face-covers, was
that of placing 'spectacles' over the eyes of the dead, cut out of a thin plate of metal, apparently
always silver, lined with silk and having small perforations where they would cover the eyeballs.¹⁷
Such 'spectacles' were found associated with the majority of face-covers, but not always. Usually
they were put below the face-cover; but in ix. 2, c they were found above it. The definite inter-
pretation of this strange provision for the dead has yet to be discovered. That it could scarcely
have been intended merely for the protection of the eyes is suggested by the fact that in the case
of i. 3. b such protection was already provided in the shape of two Sasanian silver coins placed over
the eyes, while in a few other cases small circular pieces of bark had been used for the same purpose.
Coins placed
in mouths
of dead. It is, perhaps, of some significance that several of the bodies provided with spectacles have
furnished us with illustrations of another interesting burial custom, that of placing coins of precious
metal in the mouth of the dead. In i. 3. a, 5. a, 6. b these were gold pieces, imitations of an issue
of Justinian I (A. D. 527–65); in v. 2 a Sasanian silver coin. The custom of putting gold and other
precious articles in the mouth of the dead goes far back into Chinese antiquity. According to
Professor De Groot it is connected with a belief that such substances protect the body against
decay.¹⁸ But the analogy offered by the coined pieces of gold and silver in the mouths of the dead
of Astāna to the obolus for Charon is too striking to be left unnoticed. In fact, a Buddhist story
extracted by M. Chavannes from the Chinese Tripitaka, to which that great departed scholar
drew my attention in 1916, clearly supports this analogy; for it directly mentions a piece of gold
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467
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627
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637
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647
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657
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667
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677
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687
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697
698
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