国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ
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| 0205 |
Innermost Asia : vol.2 |
| 極奥アジア : vol.2 |
引用情報
OCR読み取り結果
Bāqir, remained at Singer to look after the family's joint property, Abdurrahmān, the eldest,
was endeavouring to enlarge it by opening new cultivation at the head of the Shindī valley.
There I subsequently met him, and made use of him to maintain communication with Lāl Singh,
who was then triangulating in the Kuruk-tāgh hills to the north-west. Thus for a brief time
all four of Yūsuf Sālchi's brave sons were employed in connexion with our surveys.
Several observations make it evident that Singer and the central range westwards, which
might well be named after this the only permanently inhabited spot along it, receive more moisture
than the rest of the Kuruk-tāgh. According to Muḥammad Bāqir, Singer usually receives rain
four or five times during the summer and often sees cloudy skies, which accounts for the moderate
summer heat there experienced. In consequence of these climatic conditions, the only fruits that
ripen there are apricots and Jigda (Eleagnus). The early autumn cold does not permit maize to
be cultivated. Summer rain was said to be distinctly more abundant in the high hills to the west,
and the tree growth found among them in several valleys, both by Lāl Singh and myself, fully
confirms this statement.¹⁰ Yet the rain-water is so rapidly carried off by the deep-cut valleys and
absorbed by the detritus of their alluvial fans that owing to the want of water on the surface herds
and flocks cannot be maintained on these hills during the summer months. Hence grazing is
confined to the winter, when snow is available. Rain clouds at Singer and in western Kuruk-
tāgh generally were said to come always from the north-west, i. e. from the side of the T'ien-shan,
while the dust-storms of the spring, comparatively rare, proceed from the north-east, evidently
a result of the 'aspiration' exercised at that season by the hot air of the Lop region.
The physical conditions here adumbrated suggest a very marked difference between the
portions of the Kuruk-tāgh situated east and west of Singer as regards the amount of moisture
they respectively receive. Tree growth is not to be found anywhere farther east than Nanchan-
bulak and its neighbourhood, to which the drainage of Singer and of the valleys south of it descends.
Yet quite a number of valleys along the southern slopes of the central range stretching west of Singer
contain wild poplars and in places also elms (kara-yagach).¹¹ It appears to me that this notable
difference in one and the same orographic system may confidently be attributed to the climatic
influence exercised by the close proximity, on the north-west, of the main T'ien-shan and by the
abundant rain and snow fall of its northern slopes. The direction of the big Kara-shahr valley,
which from the snow-girt Yulduz plateaus with their ample verdure descends straight towards the
western Kuruk-tāgh, and possibly also the presence of the large fresh-water lake of the Baghrash-
köl fed by the drainage of the former, seem to support this explanation. On the other hand, the
eastern Kuruk-tāgh cannot receive moisture from the regions adjoining it, as these themselves,
the Pei-shan, southernmost Mongolia, and the eastern extension of the Lop basin, have, as we have
seen, an extremely arid climate.
The question of the present climatic conditions in the western Kuruk-tāgh is so closely bound
up with that of its human occupation during historical times that this seems the appropriate place
for discussing the few references to it which I am able to trace in early Chinese records. I have
already pointed out in Serindia that the notice which Book xcvi of the Former Han Annals devotes
to 'the kingdom of Shan' [|[, undoubtedly relates to the western Kuruk-tāgh.¹² The identification
is made quite certain by the bearings and distances of neighbouring territories as indicated in that
notice: 'Wei-li 尉 犁 lies 240 li to the west; Yen-ch'i 焉 耆 is 160 li to the north-west; and
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