国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ
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| 0206 |
Innermost Asia : vol.2 |
| 極奥アジア : vol.2 |
引用情報
OCR読み取り結果
*Wei-hsü* 危 須 260 *li* to the west. The country joins *Shan-shan* 善 善 and *Chü-mo* 且 末 on the
south-east.¹³
Yen-ch'i is well known as the early Chinese designation of Kara-shahr.¹⁴ I believe that I
have definitely established that by Wei-hsü and Wei-li are meant, respectively, the present Korla
and the tract which stretches along the Konche-daryā from below Korla towards Tikenlik,¹⁵ and
which we shall have occasion to visit farther on.¹⁶ The south-eastern bearing of Shan-shan, i. e.
the present Lop, is correct, but less so that of the distant Chü-mo or Charchan, which lies in reality
to the south-south-west. The directions in which Kara-shahr, Korla, and the Konche-daryā tract
are said to lie agree in clearly placing the territory of *Shan* in the western Kuruk-tāgh. At the
same time the distances indicated, which, as in similar statements of the Han Annals, must be
assumed to refer to the chief place of the territory, oblige us to look for the locality intended at some
point much farther west than Singer.
Produce
of *Shan*
mentioned. In this connexion the statement with which the notice on Shan concludes deserves attention.
It says : ' The mountains produce iron ; and the people, living among the mountains, depend
on Yen-ch'i and Wei-hsü for their grain and field produce.' The mention of iron distinctly points
to the western Kuruk-tāgh ; for other metals, such as lead and copper, are being mined there at
the present day in pits worked by small parties both to the north and south of the high portion of
the range known as Hsi-ta-shan (Map No. 29. A. 2). Evidence of such mining in former times in
the shape of smelting furnaces will be mentioned below.
Grazing in
western
Kuruk-
tāgh. Special interest, however, attaches to the statement that the population of Shan, which the
same notice in the Former Han Annals estimates at 450 families or 5,000 persons, depended on
Yen-ch'i and Wei-hsü, i. e. Kara-shahr and Korla, for its food-stuffs. It clearly proves, on the one
hand, that then as now the Kuruk-tāgh can have offered only very limited opportunities of cultiva-
tion. On the other hand, it leads us to conclude that the people inhabiting Shan must have lived
as nomadic graziers, just like the present-day Mongols who come during the winter with their
flocks and herds from the side of Kara-shahr and visit the valleys at the north-western extremity
of the Kuruk-tāgh. Lāl Singh in 1907 had come upon a number of such Mongol camps between
the Sherzak-ghol and Āltun-ghol, in the hills to the south-east of the Baghrash-köl (Map No. 25.
c, D. 1). It is well known that Mongols had frequented them and the valleys about Hsi-ta-shan
in much larger numbers before the troubles of the last Muhammadan rebellion.
References
to ' King-
dom of
*Shan* '. It is to that westernmost portion of the Kuruk-tāgh, towards the Baghrash-köl and Korla,
which I regret not to have been able to visit in person, that I believe we must look for the location
of the chief place in the Shan of Han times. Though the territory can never have been of much
consequence, *Shan-kuo* [|| 國 ' the kingdom of Shan ' is also mentioned in the Later Han Annals
as having been punished by Pan Ch'ao A. D. 94, along with Yen-ch'i, Wei-hsü, and Wei-li.¹⁷ The
*Wei lio*, too, names Shan as dependent on Yen-ch'i or Kara-shahr,¹⁸ while Li Tao-yüan's com-
mentary on the *Shui ching*, composed before A. D. 527, refers to the same territory under the name
of *Mo-shan* 墨 山 (' the Black Hills ').¹⁹ In this passage the ' town of Mo-shan ' is mentioned as
the capital of the ' kingdom ' and Wei-li as situated 240 *li* to the west of it. The waters of the
Northern River, i. e. the Tārīm, are described as passing to the south of Mo-shan before reaching
the town of *Chu-pin* 注 賓. If we compare this statement with the relative positions, as shown
by Map No. 25, of the Tārīm and of the site of Ying-p'an, where the ' town of Chu-pin ' must
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457
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467
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527
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547
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557
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567
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577
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587
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597
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607
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617
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627
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637
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647
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657
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667
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677
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687
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697
698
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