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| 0249 |
Innermost Asia : vol.2 |
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identity of which with the territory of *Shan* |II of the Han Annals has been rightly recognized
by M. Chavannes, as well as by the Chinese antiquarian Hsü Sung, can with complete certainty
be located in the western Kuruk-tāgh.⁷ Of the territory of *Wei-li* which lay 240 *li* to the west of
the 'capital' of Mo-shan, it has been shown that it corresponds with equal clearness to the tract
south of Korla which is irrigated by canals from the Konche-daryā and is now known from its
recent administrative head-quarters as Kara-kum or Konche (Map No. 25. A. 1, 2).⁸ The map will
show that Li Tao-yüan, or rather the source from which his information was gathered, when
referring to a river-course which passed south of *Mo-shan*, i.e. the western Kuruk-tāgh, and con-
tinuing to the east passed south of the 'town of Chu-pin' towards Lou-lan, must allude in the
first place to the Konche-daryā ; for this skirts all along the foot of the western Kuruk-tāgh, and,
in respect of that portion of its actual course which extends from Sai-cheke (Map No. 25. B. 2)
down to the vicinity of the ruined watch-station Kurghān to be described farther on (Map No.
25. c. 2), lies in the direct continuation of the line of the Kuruk-daryā.⁹ And that a direct connexion
once existed between the portion of the Konche-daryā course just mentioned and the Kuruk-daryā
at Ying-p'an was conclusively proved by the dry river-beds we subsequently found south of
Kurghān bearing in the direction of Ying-p'an.
The Konche-daryā, which now from above Kurghān takes a more southerly course, approach-
ing branches of the Tārīm east of Tikenlik and ultimately being absorbed by it, is by itself a con-
siderable river. It carries the whole of the drainage which the Kara-shahr valley receives from the
high T'ien-shan range and its well-watered plateaus of Yulduz, after the Baghrash lake has helped
to store it, particularly at the time of the melting snows. Owing to the effect of the big reservoir
thus created, the volume of the Konche-daryā is far less affected by seasonal variations than that
of any of the rivers flowing into the Tārīm basin. This point, which has already been duly noted
by Dr. Hedin,¹⁰ must necessarily add to the value possessed by the water-supply of the Konche-
daryā, wherever local conditions would permit it to be used for purposes of irrigation. The large
volume of this supply is well attested by available measurements.¹¹ Hence we might well be inclined
to assume that the water brought down by the Konche-daryā, when it flowed in what is now the
dry bed of the Kuruk-daryā, would by itself have sufficed for maintaining such cultivation as once
existed at its ancient deltaic termination around the Lou-lan site.
But two considerations must warn us against drawing this conclusion too hastily. One is
an obvious consequence of the fact that in an area where the differences of level are so slight as
they are in the whole of this riverine belt of the Lop region, frequent and extensive changes in the
river-courses are bound to occur. Therefore, just as we now find the Konche-daryā interlacing
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