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『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ
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| 0284 |
Innermost Asia : vol.2 |
| 極奥アジア : vol.2 |
引用情報
OCR読み取り結果
Chêng-chi's the events which led to the establishment of a Protector General with head-quarters at Wu-lei. The
establish- essential facts were first made accessible by an illuminating note of M. Chavannes, and can now
ment at be consulted in Professor De Groot's translation of the biography which the Ch'ien Han shu
Wu-lei. devotes to the chief actor in those events.¹² In 68 B. C. the Chinese commander Chêng Chi 鄭 吉
formed a military encampment with Chinese troops in Ch'ü-li and, having accumulated there stores
of grain and secured the assistance of neighbouring principalities, used Ch'ü-li as his base for
successful operations against Chü-shih or Turfān.¹³ These ended with the submission of that
State in B. C. 67, and led to the subsequent extension of Chinese influence over the Hsiung-nu
tribes to the north-east of it. A final success in that direction achieved by Chêng Chi in B. C. 60
was rewarded by his appointment, as the first Protector General, to the chief political control of
the Western Regions. 'Thereupon Chêng Chi determined the middle of the Western Regions,
established there a tent residence, and carried on the administration from the city of Wu-lei. From
there he subjugated and commanded the States, punished and fought them or kept them at peace
by good treatment, and thus the orders of the Han controlled the countries of the West. Thus the
work begun by Chang Ch'ien was completed by Chêng Chi.'¹⁴
Wu-lei This interesting passage brings out clearly the important part which Wu-lei played at the
replacing time when Chinese political power in the Tārīm basin attained its fullest development under the
Lun-t'ai. Former Han dynasty. The use which Chêng Chi had made of the military colony in Ch'ü-li,
as his initial base, was but the development of a plan already conceived in 101 B. C. It is scarcely
open to doubt that the vicinity of Chêng Chi's original base was a determining factor in the selection
of Wu-lei as the head-quarters of the Protector General when he had attained supreme political
control. We have seen that during the preceding phases of Chinese policy in the Tārīm basin
the plan of establishing a base of control at Lun-t'ai as well as at Ch'ü-li had always been prominent.
Now, considering the persistence that is so characteristic a feature in all Chinese political effort,
it must seem strange that after Chêng Chi's successful achievements conducted from the same
base at Ch'ü-li, Lun-t'ai altogether drops out from the account in the Former Han Annals of the
Western regions. The idea thus suggests itself that the territory of Wu-lei may have differed from
the earlier Lun-t'ai only by its designation and have itself derived this from the place which the
chief representative of the controlling suzerain power had chosen in it for his residence.
Bugur Not being able myself to consult the original historical sources on the point, I must for the
probable present leave the question just raised without a definite answer.¹⁵ But there are two points of
residence of a topographical character which deserve to be noted here, both distinctly pointing to Bugur as the
Protector probable location for the Protector General's residence. One is the much greater importance which
General. the Bugur oasis must claim by reason of its size as compared with that of Yangi-hissār or Chādir.
Its present population is at least three, if not four, times as large as that of Yangi-hissār, while
Chādir, at which modern Chinese antiquarians have proposed to fix Wu-lei,¹⁶ can scarcely bear
comparison. The population of these oases and the area of cultivated ground which supports it
are determined now, as they must have been in the past, by the available irrigation resources.
That the proportion between these could have appreciably changed since ancient times is extremely
improbable, considering that these oases are situated close to each other, share identical physical
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457
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467
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477
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487
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497
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507
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517
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527
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537
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547
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557
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567
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577
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587
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597
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607
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617
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627
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637
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647
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657
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667
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677
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687
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697
698
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