国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ
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| 0285 |
Innermost Asia : vol.2 |
| 極奥アジア : vol.2 |
引用情報
OCR読み取り結果
conditions, and receive their water-supply from the same mountain range. For meeting the needs
of a great administrative centre, its staff, troops, and the floating population that always collects at
such places (e. g. at the present Urumchi), Bugur must have offered, in old times as now, much
greater facilities than its small eastern neighbours.
The other point is furnished by a comparison of the distances which the Ch'ien Han shu Road
indicates as separating Wu-lei from Wei-hsü, i. e. Korla, on the one side and Wu-lei from Kuchā, distances
on the other. The former distance is stated to be 500 li, the latter 350 li. Now the actual road indicated
distances as measured by us on the high road from Korla to Bugur-bāzār and from there to for Wu-lei.
Kuchā town amounted to 107 and 67 miles, respectively. The proportion between these mileages
approximates closely enough to that between the figures in the Ch'ien Han shu, and would agree
with it still more closely if it was possible, in ancient times, to follow a straighter line from Tim
westwards.¹⁷ But the proportion of the actual road distances could in no way be reconciled with
that of the Han text if Wu-lei were to be located at Yangi-hissār, and still less if at Chādir.¹⁸
It only remains to point out that the position of Bugur was excellently adapted from a Strategic
strategic point of view for the seat of the chief representative of the Chinese Empire holding political importance
and military control in the Tārim basin. He could, from there, keep watch over the great northern of Bugur.
highway along the foot of the T'ien-shan, which then as now was the chief artery of intercourse
and commerce in the whole region. Its safety was of paramount importance to the west-bound
silk trade of China. Near enough to the Lou-lan route to receive support from the Kan-su bases,
the Protector General was in a position to guard those points at which Hun irruptions chiefly
threatened to debouch. Political considerations also may well have played their part in fixing the
administrative centre away from the much larger States of Kuchā and Kara-shahr, which were
capable of offering serious opposition in times of trouble, and yet within easy striking distance
of them both. Finally there was the advantage of having safe access on the south to the conter-
minous territory of Ch'ü-li, organized long before as a base of supplies for Chinese military needs,
and thence also to Shan-shan or Lop, commanding the head of that 'southern route' with the
protection of which Chêng Chi had been charged before he became Protector General.¹⁹ Condi-
tions in more than one important aspect had changed greatly by the time when full Chinese control
was again extended into the western regions under the T'ang. But even then we find the 'Pro-
tectorate of An-hsi' governing the 'Four Garrisons' established by A. D. 658 at Kuchā, only three
marches west of Bugur.
Section III.—FROM BUGUR TO KUCHĀ
On April 12th I set out from Bugur for Kuchā by the high road, while Afrāz-gul with a local Start for
guide was sent southward in order to survey the ground along a dry branch of the Inchike-daryā, Kuchā.
near which some ruins were reported in the direction of the south-eastern outliers of Kuchā
cultivation. I wished myself to follow the high road in order to examine more closely some ruins
that I had previously noticed on my passage in January, 1908, but which now seemed of greater
interest in view of the observations collected along the ancient route from Ying-p'an to beyond
Korla. For over ten miles after leaving Bugur-bāzār the road led through continuous cultivation
except where it traversed a stretch of scrubby steppe covered with shôr before crossing an old river-
bed known as Dināṛ from the name of a village higher up. Canals taking off from it irrigate the
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687
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697
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