国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ
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| 0289 |
Innermost Asia : vol.2 |
| 極奥アジア : vol.2 |
引用情報
OCR読み取り結果
canals from which these receive irrigation are fed partly by springs and partly direct from the
outfall of the river. It was of interest to note how small was the volume of water carried by these
canals as compared with that subsequently measured in the canals from the Muz-art river, which
irrigates the principal portion of the oasis. Near the canal of the Öch-kara tract a hearty welcome
awaited me on the part of Ṣāhib ʿAlī Khān and the sturdy Pathān traders under him. Escorted
by them through lively village lanes we reached the pleasant suburban garden, near the eastern
bank of the river and not far from the town, that had been secured from the Qāzī of Kuchā as
my camping-place and temporary base at the head-quarters of the district.
After this summary account of the region crossed on our journey from Korla to Kuchā it still
remains for us to consider the itinerary describing the route between the two places as it ran in
T'ang times.¹ M. Chavannes's extract from the T'angshu, Chap. XLIII. b, renders it as follows :
' After leaving Yen-ch'i (i. e. Kara-shahr) 焉 耆, by going to the west, one passes at the end of
50 li the defile of the Iron Gates, T'ieh-mên kuan 鐵 門 關. 20 li farther on one arrives at the
town of the military post of Yu-shu 于 術. 200 li farther on one arrives at the military post of
Yu-lin 榆 林. 50 li farther one arrives at the military post of Lung-ch'üan 龍 泉. 60 li farther
one arrives at the military post of Tung-i-p'i 東 夷 僻. 70 li farther one arrives at the military
post of Hsi-i-p'i 西 夷 僻. 60 li farther one arrives at the military post of Ch'ih-an 赤 岸. 120 li
farther one arrives at the seat of the protectorate of An-hsi 安 西 (Kuchā).'
In addition to the terminal point of the route, which, as we shall see, can be safely placed in
close vicinity to the present town of Kuchā, we can definitely locate also the starting-point and the
two initial stages. I have shown in Serindia that the ' defile of the Iron Gates ', T'ieh-mên kuan,
mentioned also in the Chin Annals, undoubtedly corresponds to the river defile above Korla through
which the Konche-daryā has cut its way from the Baghrash lake into the plains of the Tārīm basin.²
The distance of 50 li indicated by the itinerary agrees closely enough with that from Baghdād-
shahrī, the site of the ancient capital of Yen-ch'i or Kara-shahr (Map No. 25. A. 1), to the point
where the road leading towards Korla enters the eastern end of the defile. The ' town of the
military post of Yu-shu ' can on general topographical grounds be safely located near the eastern
extremity of the Korla oasis which the high road reaches after passing through the defile for a
distance of about seven miles.
Beyond this point we have at present no help for the identification of the successive stages
beyond that which the relative distances stated in the itinerary can give. With regard to these it
should at once be pointed out that their aggregate length, 560 li, distinctly suggests that the ancient
highway followed a line shorter than that of the present cart-road between Korla and Kuchā.
On this our measurements by cyclometer amounted to a total of 175 miles between the towns of
Korla and Kuchā. Reference to the map (No. 17. B, D. 1) will show that from the oasis of Bugur
to Kuchā the road now follows what is practically a straight line along the foot of the outermost
hills of the T'ien-shan. It is by nature the easiest line for traffic, and the succession of ruined towers
and stations met along it from Lai-su onwards, as described below, leaves no doubt that the same
line was followed by the ancient highway.
The position is different as regards the eastern and longer portion of the road—that between
Korla and Bugur. Here the present road makes a not inconsiderable detour to the north, as Map
No. 21. A–D. 1 shows, being obliged, in order to keep within reach of water and supplies, to follow
the chain of existing small oases all of which lie quite close to where the streams irrigating them
debouch from the foot-hills. If we may assume that these streams in ancient times carried their water
for some distance farther south into what is now scrub-covered desert—and the areas of old and now
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435
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445
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457
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467
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477
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517
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527
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537
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547
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557
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567
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577
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587
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597
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607
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617
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627
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637
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647
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657
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667
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677
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687
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697
698
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