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| 0308 |
Innermost Asia : vol.2 |
| 極奥アジア : vol.2 |
引用情報
OCR読み取り結果
Section III.—REMAINS SOUTH-EAST OF KUCHĀ AND LIST OF ANTIQUES
FOUND OR ACQUIRED
Canal head
near
Duldul-
okur site.
On April 29th I continued my return march to Kuchā from the north-eastern extremity of
the village tract of Ugen. On the way I passed the ruined Buddhist temples known as Duldul-okur,
and was able to collect the data already recorded concerning the three large canals which actually
take off from the western bank of the Muz-art river below that site, a true su-bāshi. Local tradition
asserts that in past times the lands on that side of the river were watered by eight canals ; and in
fact the lines of three more large canals, all abandoned and unmistakably old, were found crossing
the narrow strip of bare ground which separates the ruins of Duldul-okur from the present canal
heads. Whether there would nowadays be sufficient water in the river to fill these canals, as well
as the others, early enough for the needs of irrigation appeared very doubtful.
Mound of
Kotluk-
ordu.
I used my single day's halt at Kuchā on April 30th to visit the large but badly decayed ruined
mound known as Kotluk-ordu, where Mīr Sharīf and other local informants stated that the famous
Bower manuscript and other important texts in Sanskrit and Kuchean, brought to India in 1891
and subsequently edited by the late Dr. Hoernle, had been discovered. The mound is situated
about half a mile to the SSW. of the south-western corner of the town and not far from the point
where the road leading to Kosh-tura passes beyond the limit of cultivation. I found that it was
oblong in shape and constructed of clay, measuring about 54 yards by 32, and bearing at its north-
western end what looked like the base of a completely destroyed Stūpa. Here the mound still
rose some 20 feet above the level of the surrounding fields. On the east a terrace about 14 yards
wide adjoined it on a lower level, and beyond this again could be traced an enclosure, about 44
yards square, marked by low mounds, much decayed. The whole appeared to be the ruin of some
large sanctuary ; but long-continued digging for earth to manure the fields, and treasure-seeking
operations on a large scale, had reduced its remains almost beyond recognition. Another smaller
mound a short distance to the south had been even more thoroughly overturned, and was now
half buried in sand. It was here that Mīr Sharīf said that he had secured a great haul of ancient
manuscripts, when digging with a number of other men about twenty-eight years before. The
spoils were divided and sold by them, partly to Afghān traders ; through these they reached
Captain (now General) Bower and Mr. (now Sir George) Macartney and thus first drew the serious
attention of European scholars to the antiquities preserved in the soil of the Tārīm basin.
March to
Khanak-
atam.
A march of over thirty miles on May 1st brought me to Khanak-atam, a small village tract at
the southern extremity of the irrigated area on the left bank of the Muz-art river. From here
Mīr Sharīf proposed to show me certain ancient sites with which he was familiar, owing to their
being within easy reach of some farm land which he owned in the district. The road followed took
us, after we had proceeded some three miles, to Ara-buk, the southern limit of the ground capable
of irrigation from the Kuchā river. Beyond this point, wide stretches of scrubby steppe alternated
with belts of cultivation, mostly narrow, extending along the terminal portions of the main canals
which take off from the Muz-art river. In all these belts we heard complaints that the water
was inadequate for the land available, and as the adjoining waste ground was stated to be equally
fertile, it was easy to realize how different an aspect this area may have presented in former times,
when, owing to a larger volume of water in the river, the whole of it may have been kept under
continuous cultivation.
Defective
irrigation
and 'new
cultivation'.
As we passed down along the canal, then still dry, which serves the lands of Bostān and
Khanak-atam (Map No. 17. c. 2), I was struck by the contrast between the fine large arbours near
the scattered farms and the neglected look of the fields. This phenomenon, in a tract which had
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306
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309
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319
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339
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351
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361
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381
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391
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403
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424
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435
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445
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457
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467
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477
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487
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497
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507
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517
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527
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537
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547
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557
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567
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577
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587
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597
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607
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617
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627
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637
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647
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657
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667
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677
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687
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697
698
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