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| 0328 |
Innermost Asia : vol.2 |
| 極奥アジア : vol.2 |
引用情報
OCR読み取り結果
always attached, also, to the position of Marāl-bāshi, as the most convenient point for the bifurca-
tion of the routes from Ak-su to Kāshgar and Yārkand respectively.
It is therefore curious that no definite mention of Marāl-bāshi can be traced in the Chinese
historical records so far accessible in translation. The identification of Marāl-bāshi proposed by
M. Chavannes with Wo-shê-tê 握 瑟 德, which Kao Hsien-chih's biography in the T'ang
Annals refers to as a locality passed on his march from Kuchā to the Pāmīrs, rests upon this being
placed ten marches from Po-huan or Ak-su and the same distance from Su-lê or Kāshgar.¹⁶ Nor
is it possible to recognize a distinct mention of Marāl-bāshi in the itinerary which the T'ang shu
gives of the route from Po-huan to Su-lê.¹⁷ I will therefore defer the analysis of such data as may
otherwise be gathered from this itinerary until we have completed our rapid survey of the actual
high road to Kāshgar.
Section III.—A T'ANG ITINERARY FROM AK-SU TO KĀSHGAR
Modern
road to
Kāshgar. Of the five long marches under a very hot sun which carried me from Marāl-bāshi to the
neighbourhood of the 'New Town' of Kāshgar, the first three lay mostly close to the present
main bed of the Kāshgar-daryā. This route, as the Maps (Nos. 8. A. 1; 5. C, D. 1) show, represents
indeed the shortest line between the two places; but there is no archaeological or other evidence
to indicate that it was the line followed in ancient times. The vagaries of the river-course meandering
in a flat alluvial plain, and the difficulty inevitably caused by inundations at the time of the summer
floods, raise a clear presumption against this. I was in fact informed that whereas the present road
keeps to the river's left bank between the stations of Chürge and Lung-kou, a distance of close on
60 miles, it had lain, as it does elsewhere, to the south of the river until long after the close of Yāqūb
Bēg's régime. This statement was supported by the distinctly new look of the straggling patches
of village land that we passed at rare intervals along this portion of the road. We were told that
Ördeklik, the largest of these colonies, comprising about 150 households, was only about thirty
years old. Here, as elsewhere along the lower course of rivers passing through the flat of the
Tārīm basin, cultivation is much hampered by constant changes in the river-beds, and the con-
sequent difficulty of maintaining canal heads. Evidence of this could be seen at more than one point,
where fields laid out not many years ago had been abandoned owing to irrigation failing from this
cause.
Return
past
Faizābād
to Kāshgar. We crossed the narrow and deep-cut bed of the river to its right bank at Lung-kou. The ground
here presented the same forlorn appearance, until at Yangi-ābād we reached the eastern extremity
of the practically continuous cultivated tract of Kāshgar. Fine orchards and groves of big poplars
from here onwards attested prolonged occupation, such as might be expected on ground to which
facilities for adequate irrigation are assured by its position on the alluvial fan of a considerable
river, not too far away from where it leaves the mountains. The comparative nearness of these, and
of their vast stores of snow and ice, to which the oases below owe moisture and life, was strikingly
brought home to me by the magnificent view which a morning of exceptional clearness revealed
on the march from Lung-kou to Faizābād. It comprised the whole of the high glacier-clad range
dividing the Pāmīrs from the Tārīm basin, and extended from the dome of Muz-tāgh-atā in the
south to the head-waters of the Kāshgar river. It seemed a visible proof that my long journey
round the huge basin of innermost Asia was drawing to a close. Faizābād, where I met with a
kindly official welcome and halted for a night, was the last of the district head-quarters which
I still had to visit in the Tārīm basin. From here, on May 30th, a ride of some thirty-two miles,
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