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『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ
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| 0342 |
Innermost Asia : vol.2 |
| 極奥アジア : vol.2 |
引用情報
OCR読み取り結果
and the gorges below Āb-i-garm forms more than one defile by the river. When following myself
the route above indicated in the opposite direction I certainly had the impression that ' the plain
country ' was entered on reaching the downs above Faizābād from Āb-i-garm. The statement
reproduced in Marinus' own words, ' when the traveller has ascended the ravine he arrives at the
Stone Tower (λίθινος πέργος) ', clearly takes us to the vicinity of Daraut-kurghān, where the
defiles of the Kizil-su are finally left behind and the wide Alai trough is entered. We have distinct
confirmation of this in the mention immediately following of ' the mountains that trend to the
east [and] unite with Imaos, the range that runs up to the north from Palimbothra ' (the present
Patna). It has been recognized long ago that by Imaos is meant the great meridional range
of Muz-tāgh-atā and its northern continuation, buttressing the Pāmīr region on the east. It thus
becomes obvious that by ' the mountains that trend to the east and unite with Imaos ' the Trans-
Alai chain is quite correctly described.
There is a second point mentioned in Ptolemy's account of the trade route to the Seres as
extracted from Marinus which concerns us here. It is ' the station (ὁρμητήριον) at Mount Imaos,
whence traders start on their journey to Sēra '. It is mentioned in Book VI. xiii. 1, where the
eastern limits of the territory of the nomadic Sakai, including also the mountain district of the
Kōmedoi and the Stone Tower, are described. From the previously quoted statement of Marinus
it is certain that this station for the traders to the Sēres lay due east of the Stone Tower. This and
the distinct statement as to the station being situated at Mount Imaos make it appear very probable
that the ὁρμητήριον must, as rightly pointed out by Baron Richthofen,¹⁰ be looked for close to
where the route coming from Kara-tegīn, the valley of the Kōmedoi, crossed the watershed towards
the Tārīm basin. This consideration has already led me to express my concurrence in the belief
that the vicinity of Irkesh-tam, the present Russian frontier and customs station, about 16 miles
by road from the watershed at Taun-murun, would have been a likely position for the ancient
traders' station.¹¹ Such a location, as justly observed by Baron Richthofen, finds support in the
fact that the route from the Alai valley is joined at Irkesh-tam by another, much frequented in
modern times and probably in antiquity also, which leads from Farghāna over the Terek pass to
Kāshgar. If at the period to which the information recorded by Maës refers (probably the last
quarter of the first century A. D.) direct Chinese control over the ' western regions ' did not extend
beyond the watershed between the Tārīm basin and the Oxus, the vicinity of Irkesh-tam would
have offered a very suitable position for one of those frontier control stations, such as Chinese
administration has always been accustomed to maintain on the borders of the Empire proper; for
the elevation, about 8,550 feet, permits of some cultivation, and facilities for irrigation are assured.¹²
I was obliged to make a short halt at Daraut-kurghān in order to arrange for a guide, for
transport, and for supplies, and to do some necessary writing. I took advantage of it to make
a start with the collection of anthropometrical materials from among the local Kirghiz and for
an excursion down the right bank of the river. The track, artificially widened in places, which for
about a mile leads along precipitous cliffs above the river, was said to be old and to have always
been practicable for camels. Where the Kōk-su stream debouches about 3 miles down I found
a large well-cultivated area with groves of trees belonging to the village of Chat. Outside it
low mounds, forming an irregular oblong of about 300 yards by 250, mark an old circumvallation
said to have been occupied down to the régime of the Kōkand chiefs. Owing to its ample space
and sheltered position, Chat seemed to be a place better suited for a large roadside station than
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339
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351
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371
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381
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391
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403
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413
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424
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435
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445
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457
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467
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477
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487
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497
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507
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517
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527
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537
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547
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557
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567
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577
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587
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597
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607
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617
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627
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637
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647
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657
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667
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677
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687
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697
698
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