Innermost Asia : vol.2 / 407 ページ（カラー画像）

0407	Innermost Asia : vol.2
極奥アジア : vol.2

a height over the far-stretched twisting gorge through which the river breaks before it emerges,
as the Wakhsh-āb, far down towards the plains of the Oxus. Then ascending through a narrow
defile we reached the wide upland basin of Āb-i-garm (about 4,200 feet elevation).

Here we have arrived at the westernmost limit of Kara-tegīn and also at the end of the alpine Chü-mi-t'o
portion of that ancient trade route which we first had occasion to trace down the Alai valley. We of Hsüan-
have already noticed the location of Ptolemy's 'valley of the Kōmēdaï' in Kara-tegīn.³ There tsang.
only remains for us now briefly to review the references to this territory in Chinese records which
conclusively prove this identification to be true. The earliest of them is furnished by the mention
which Hsüan-tsang makes of the territory of Chü-mi-t'o. It is contained in his account of the petty
States which were comprised in Tu-huo-lo or Tokhāristān at the time of his outward journey,
about A. D. 630.⁴ The pilgrim did not himself visit Chü-mi-t'o 拘謎陀, but describes it as
a country situated to the east of K'o-to-lo 柯咄羅. 'It is about 2,000 li from east to west, and
200 li from south to north. It is in the middle of the Ts'ung-ling mountains. Its capital is about
20 li in circuit. On the south-west it is near the river Oxus, and on the south it adjoined the Shih-
ch'ih-ni country.' The bearings here indicated of neighbouring territories, together with the great
length ascribed to Chü-mi-t'o, leave no doubt that Kara-tegīn is meant, as has long since been
recognized.⁵ For K'o-to-lo is certainly identical with the Khottal of early Arab geographers com-
prising the territory to the east of the lower Surkh-āb (Wakhsh-āb), i. e. Baljuwān, Kulāb, &c.,⁶
and Shih-ch'ih-ni is Shughnān, correctly placed to the south.⁷

Some useful additions to the information recorded by Hsüan-tsang are to be gathered from Kara-tegīn
the T'ang Annals. A notice of the T'ang-shu inserted between those on Shughnān and Wakhān in T'ang
tells us that '[the country of] Chü-mi 俱蜜 has its administrative centre in the midst of the Annals.
mountains; it lies to the north-east of Tu-huo-lo; in the south it is near the Black River; the
king is of the race of the Yen-t'o Turks'. Chü-mi is said to lie 500 li to the north-west of Shih-ch'ih
or Shih-ch'ih-ni. Embassies to the Imperial court are recorded in the years A. D. 642, 719, and
742–55.⁸ Elsewhere we learn from the account given of the administrative organization that the
Chinese Government designed after the final victories of A. D. 658–9 over the Western Turks, that
the district of Chih-pa 至拔 was established in the town of Ch'u-sê 豬瑟 in the kingdom
of Chü-mi 俱蜜. No indication is furnished as to the position of this town.⁹

The notices of Hsüan-tsang and of the T'ang Annals supplement each other in a very satis- Relations
factory way. In the former the great length of the territory extending along the Surkh-āb is quite between
correctly brought out, while the latter indicates the true bearing of Kara-tegīn relatively to Kara-tegīn
and
Darwāz.

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