国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ
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| 0424 |
Innermost Asia : vol.2 |
| 極奥アジア : vol.2 |
引用情報
OCR読み取り結果
CHAPTER XXVIII
THE SACRED HILL OF SĪSTĀN
Section I.—THE HISTORICAL INTEREST OF SĪSTĀN
Geographi-
cal impor-
tance of
Sīstān.
The territory of ancient Sakastanē, the Sagistān of medieval Muhammadan writers, the
modern Sīstān, had attracted me by its historical interest ever since the Old-Iranian studies of my
youth. Geographical position has made Sīstān a link between Western and Eastern Irān, and
a corresponding mixture of ethnic elements, not unlike the one to be found there at present, is
significantly reflected in the duplication of the forms in which its early indigenous name is pre-
sented by classical records.¹ Nature, by placing Sīstān on the main line of communication between
Persia and the western marches of India, has invested it with an importance which, whether for
peaceful trade intercourse or invasion, has asserted itself all through history and makes itself felt
to the present day. Nature has given to Sīstān the fertilizing waters of the Helmand, the greatest
river of Irān south of the line which extends from the Hindukush to the Caspian, and has thereby
provided resources which, if fostered by peace and efficient administration, would suffice to make
the province the granary of central Irān and the seat of a flourishing civilization.
Early
historical
references.
It is obvious that great interest must attach to Sīstān for the student of ancient Irān, and
extremely meagre as our extant records are for the earliest period of its history, they do not fail us
altogether.¹ᵃ Sīstān is duly named among the provinces of the Achaemenidian Empire both
by Darius I and Herodotus.² Alexander passed through it on his march towards the border lands
of India, and the varying forms of the name by which our chief source of the great conqueror's
exploits, Arrian's Anabasis, mentions the territory and its people,³ incidentally bring out the
interesting fact that Sīstān lay then, as it does in a way now, on what may be called the linguistic
watershed between Western and Eastern Irān. The peculiar position of the territory in this respect
is itself probably the result of an ethnic division accounted for by factors of physical geography,
and is curiously reflected throughout its political history, as for instance by the modern division of
Sīstān between Persia and Afghānistān.
Religious
and epic
traditions.
The importance attaching to Sīstān in the ancient civilization of Irān is attested by the
religious and epic traditions there localized since very early times. One of the most interesting
sections of the extant Zoroastrian scriptures, Yasht xix of the Avesta devoted to the praise of the
' kingly glory ', distinctly associates this sacred representative of lawful rule over Irān with ' him
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135
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145
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155
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165
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175
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185
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195
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205
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216
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247
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257
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268
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278
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288
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298
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309
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319
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329
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339
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351
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361
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371
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381
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391
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403
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413
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422
423
424
425
426
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435
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445
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457
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467
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477
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487
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497
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507
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517
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527
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537
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547
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557
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567
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577
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587
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597
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607
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617
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627
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637
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647
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657
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667
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677
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687
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697
698
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