Innermost Asia : vol.2 / 536 ページ（カラー画像）

0536	Innermost Asia : vol.2
極奥アジア : vol.2

All, as far as index is concerned, display greater leptorrhinity than the Roshani, except the Wanji and
Ishkashmi. Ishkashmi noses are both longer and broader than Roshani noses, while Wanji noses are both shorter
and narrower ; in each case the index is more platyrrhine than that of the Roshani. The marked differentiation
between the two groups is well illustrated by comparing the nasal Δ expressing the relation between the Wakhi
and Wanji, who in respect of nasal characters stand farthest from the Roshani in their respective groups. The
figures are :

N.L. . . . . . 1·09
N.B. . . . . . 0·97
N.I. . . . . . 0·36
2·42

The figures for stature give similar results. The Darwazi, Wanji, and Karategin are the three shortest
peoples measured. The Shughnani and Wakhi are both taller than the Roshani. The Ishkashmi, it is true, are,
unexpectedly, shorter than the Yazgulami, who are themselves slightly shorter than the Roshani. The position
of the Ishkashmi alone disturbs the otherwise perfect correspondence which the figures for stature show with those
for face- and nose-measurements.

Cephalic index, again, shows similar results. The Wakhi, Ishkashmi, and Shughnani are more brachycephalic
than the Roshani ; the Darwazi, Wanji, Karategin, and Yazgulami are more dolichocephalic.

If the ΣΔ which relate the various members of each group one to the other be examined, it will be seen that
the Karategin, Wanji, Darwazi, and Yazgulami are interrelated by ΣΔ which never reach 5·00. The same is
true of the Shughnani, Wakhi, and Ishkashmi. This is a pretty certain indication of the comparative homogeneity
of each group.

On the other hand, omitting for the moment the Karategin, the ΣΔ expressing the relationship between any
one member of one group with any one member of another never falls as low as 7·00, and frequently rises to over
9·00. Moreover, in no case does the ΣΔ fail to contain a Δ amounting to 1·00 or over.

The Karategin alone show a ΣΔ which brings them into relationship with the other group, viz. with the
Shignani. The figure 5·31 is rather high, but it contains no Δ of 1·00 or over (though the Δ for facial-breadth
reaches 0·91), but their other ΣΔ relate them far more closely with the Wanji, Darwazi, and Yazgulami.

It would appear, therefore, that we have on each side of the Roshani two groups of interrelated peoples dis-
tinguished by the following characteristics (the terms are, of course, used relatively) :

1. To the north and north-west, the Yazgulami, Wanji, Darwazi, and Karategin ; relatively dolichocephalic,
narrow-nosed, euryprosopic, and short-statured.
2. To the south and south-east, the Shughnani, Ishkashmi, and Wakhi ; relatively brachycephalic, long-nosed,
leptoprosopic, and tall-statured.

Now if the affinities of the Özbeg, so far as they are displayed in terms of ΣΔ, be examined, it will be seen
that the people standing nearest to them are the Wanji (index 5·42), followed by the Yazgulami (5·61), Roshani
(6·01), Karategin (6·17), Darwazi (7·83), and Shughnani (8·00). The Özbeg are taller than any of the Wanji-
Yazgulami-Karategin-Darwazi group, and more brachycephalic ; in fact, as regards the Darwazi, the difference in
head-breadth and index is marked. But the principal features which differentiate the Özbeg from the Shughnani-
Ishkashmi-Wakhi group are their greater euryprosopism and their shorter noses.

It is clear from the figures that the Özbeg stand comparatively close to the former group, but are
strongly differentiated from the latter. Further, that the respects in which they differ most are face- and nose-
dimensions. The Özbeg, in fact, exhibit in the extreme that combination of breadth of face and narrowness of
nose which is one of the chief points of difference between the north-western group and the south-eastern. The
inference is that the Homo Alpinus type characteristic of the Pamirs has, towards the north and west, undergone
modification owing to contact with that branch of the Mongolo-Turki family of which the Özbeg are members.

The Tajik next call for consideration, and it is extremely interesting to note that they stand equally closely
related to the Shughnani on the one hand and to the Kirghiz on the other. Their affinities, expressed in terms of
ΣΔ, as follows :

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