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『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

Limes, 782 ; notice of military colony
at Lun-t'ai in Han Annals, 782 ; con-
tinuation of watch-towers to Korla,
782 ; possible connexion with the
' Iron Gate ', 783.
Korla–Kāshgar road : travel programme,
787 ; old Chinese route, marked by
ruined watch-towers, 788 ; detours
necessitated by scantiness of water,
789 ; route from Korla to Kuchā in
T'ang times, 801 ; divergence from
modern route, 802.
Kosh-bēl pass, 845.
Kosh-gumbaz, Kāra-khōja, ruined tombs
of, 591 ; sepulchral structure at, 591 ;
finds at, 592 ; cache of metal objects,
593.
Kosh-tūra, near Kuchā, remains of
Buddhist shrine, 808 ; ruined tower,
812.
kōt, Dard term for ' fort ', 23.
Kotek-shahri, supposed ' old town ', 595.
Kotluk-ordu, mound of, (Kuchā) 818.
Koy. = Koyumal.
Koyuk-tāgh, Muhammadan circumval-
lation, 793.
Koyuk-tura, ruined watch-tower, 799.
Koyumal site, (Charkhlik) shrines at,
164 ; monastic structure, 165 ; finds at,
164, 165, 167 ; possibly identified with
' the Grape Town '(?) 165 ; pottery of,
1014 ; MSS. from, 1023.
Kozlov, Colonel, Russian explorer, 271,
429 ; reports on Khara-khoto, 438 n. 1,
446 ; description of ' sepulchral Stū-
pa ', 446 n. 3 ; 'Mongolia, Amdo and
the dead town Khara-khoto', 448 ; on
destruction of Khara-khoto, 458 ; on
connexion between Kuruk-daryā and
Konche-daryā, 761, 763 n. 9.
Ku-ch'êng-tzŭ, or Guchen, q.v., 553, 554.
Ku-lüan pass, Lāl Singh sent across, 553.
K'u-han, Tang capital of Shughnān, not
located, 878.
Ku-kou, or Kou-ku, king of Posterior
Chü-shih, joins the Huns, 572.
Ku-mo, name of Ak-su, in Han Annals,
835.
Ku-shih, another name for Chü-shih, 570.
Ku-shih hill, in T'ang itinerary, 841.
Kua-chou, ancient name of An-hsi, 371.
kuan, Chinese term for ' barrier ' station,
385.
Kuchā, Chinese Ch'iu-tzŭ, oasis, 803
sqq. ; historical importance of, 578
sq., 803 ; Buddhist remains of, 803 ;
geographical factors, 804 ; rivers and
irrigation, 804, 808 ; comparison of,
with Khotan, 805 ; climatic advan-
tages of, 805 ; trade routes across
T'ien-shan, 805 ; protected by riverine
belt in south, 805 ; routes converging
at, 805 ; strategic importance of, 806.
position of ancient capital, 806 ;
remains of ancient circumvallation,
806 ; head-quarters of An-hsi pro-

tectorate, 578 sqq. ; ruined sites W. of
Muz-art river, 807 sqq. ; remains SE.,
818 sqq. ; antiques acquired at, 821 ;
absence of stuccos and terra-cottas,
822 ; list of, 823 sqq. ; finds compared
with those from Limes, Lop, Niya,
822 ; Chinese and Muhammadan coins
from, 822, 994 ; Brāhmī manuscripts
from, 820, 1028 ; pottery, 1015.
Kuchā-daryā, river of Kuchā, 804 ;
volume of water, 804.
Kuchean, or Tukhri, Indo-European lan-
guage of Kuchā and Turfān texts, 558 ;
Kuchean manuscripts, 813, 1028, 1029.
Kuduk-köl, ruined shrine at, 129 ; finds
similar to those at Khādalik and
Dandān-oilik, 129 ; objects excavated
at, 131 ; manuscripts found at, 1022
sq., 1027, 1028, 1029.
Kufic characters, on bronze ornament,
900.
Kuh, see Kho.
Kulāns, wild asses, 530.
Kulluk-dawān pass, 539 n. 8.
Kum. = Kum-kuduk, 327.
Kum-arik-daryā, or Ak-su river, 836,
839.
Kum-bēl pass, 845.
Kum-kuduk, well on caravan route to
Tun-huang, appointed as rendezvous,
282, 327 ; Mesas of, sighted, 317 ; re-
union with Lāl Singh, 318 ; arrival
of convoy from Mirān, 319 ; objects
found near, 327.
Kum-tāgh of Marāl-bāshi, 83.
K'un-lun, barrier of Tun-huang Limes,
540.
K'un-lun range, Lāl Singh's triangula-
tion along, 169.
Kundar, fortified village, (Sīstān) 944.
Kungurche hills, attempted survey of,
460.
Kunhār river, Albērūnī's Kusnāri, 8.
Kuo-ti-ching, well, 525.
Kurghān, ruined watch-station, 763, 766.
Kuruk-aghiz, alleged ruins at, search for,
595.
Kuruk-daryā, Li Tao-yüan's ' River of
the North ', 292 ; its course, 293 ; sur-
vey of, by Lāl Singh, 270.
bed of dry river, 733, 737, 738 ;
well sunk in, 738 ; scarcity of human
remains, 739 ; ancient Chinese high
road along, 740.
ancient connexion of, with the
Konche-daryā, 761, 766 sq. ; moisture
due to floods of Shindi R., 767 ; an-
cient river-beds, 197, 767.
Kuruk-daryā delta, southern extension
of, in Han times proved by sites L.R.
to L.K. marking former occupation,
197 ; survey across dry river-beds,
204 sqq. ; terminal beds of dead
delta, 745 ; reached Li Tao-yüan's Yu
marshes, 293 ; southernmost belt
occupied in historical period, 210 ;

middle belt occupied scantily in neo-
lithic period, 210 ; northern belt (Lou-
lan sites) watered by Kuruk-daryā and
still occupied in Han times, 210.
belt of ancient cultivation from L.E.
to head of delta, 274 ; importance of,
for Lou-lan, 761.
Kuruk-tāgh, gravel glacis at foot of,
283 ; arrangements for survey of,
587.
crossing of northern range, 720 ;
second range, morphological impor-
tance of, 720 ; salt-encrusted marsh-
bed, compared with Lop sea-bed, 721 ;
central range, 721 ; western portion
affected by moisture from T'ien-shan,
723 ; identified with Shan, 723 ;
march to P'o-ch'êng-tzŭ, 725 ; valley
and peaks of Hsi-ta-shan, 726 ; Chinese
names in, 726 n. 3 ; watershed to-
wards Baghrash lake, 727 ; pass of
Bēsh-kara-choka, 727 ; glacis of, 733 ;
dry riverine bed, 733, 737.
Surveys by Lāl Singh, 710 sq. ; by
Afrāz-gul, 749.
Kuyindi valley and pass, 851 sq.
Kwāja, Muhammadan saint, footprints
of, 922.
Kylin, figure of, in drawing, (Khara-
khoto) 492.

L.A., L.B., &c., Lou-lan sites.
L. Tāgh = Lāl-tāgh.
Lachin-atā, antiques from, 99 n. 5.
lacquer, technique of, 466, 760 ; applied
over strong canvas, 201 ; on silk
gauze, 466 ; direct on wood, 203.
lacquered objects: baskets, (Astāna) 613,
691 ; wooden bowls, (Limes) 345, 350,
353, 394, 414, 415, 417, 419, 425 ;
(Khara-khoto) 466 ; (Astāna) 651,
688 ; (Ying-p'an) 756, 760 ; wooden
boxes, (Mirān) 173, 178 ; (Lou-lan)
245, 249, 253 ; (Astāna) 661, 701 ;
Chinese casket, (Lou-lan) 194, 201 ;
wooden discs, (Limes) 408 ; (Khara-
khoto) 427 ; wooden plate, (Astāna)
701 ; sticks, (Ying-p'an) 758 ; wooden
tablets, (Khara-khoto) 463 ; wooden
trays, (Khara-khoto) 466 ; (Astāna)
621, 687, 710 ; wooden vase, (Ying-
p'an) 756, 761 ; wood frs., (Toyuk),
627 ; (Ying-p'an) 751, 758.
lagoons, drying up of, (Tārim delta)
181 sq.
Lai-lai-miao, temple of, 520 ; recalls
architecture of Ch'ien-fo-tung paint-
ings, 521.
Lai-su : stream and ruins of, 798 ;
watch-tower and enclosure, 798 ; posi-
tion of, on road between Bugur and
Kuchā, 798.
Lāl S. = Lāl Singh, objects found by,
along Kuruk-daryā, 278.
Lāl Singh, Rai Bahādur, surveyor, viii
sq., 2, 16, 60, 68 ; survey work done by :

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