国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

monk, head of (fresco), 600.
monkeys, figurines of, mostly from
Khotan sites : steatite, 115 ; stone,
110, 114 ; terra-cotta, 111, 120,
(Kuchā) 822, 827.
as babe in cradle, 107 ; drinking,
121 ; embracing, 120 ; squatting,
114 ; playing on pipes, 120 ; playing
guitar, 107, 121 ; riding on camels,
105 ; supporting vessel on head, 1053 ;
wearing loin-cloth, 120, 121 ; ithy-
phallic, 120 ; owl type, 110, 119, 120,
125 ; heads, 107, 111, 119, 121, 125.
See grotesques, masks.
monsoon rains, absence of, influences
climate, 6 n. 14.
monsters, in stucco relief, (Toyuk) 616,
624, 625 ; (Murtuk) 637 ; on figured
silks, (Lou-lan) 236 sqq.
mosques, ruined, (Sīstān) 934, 935.
Mou-wo, coal-pits of, 524.
mouse-traps, (Niya) 146, 147, 150, 153.
Mu-li-ho, village, 552.
Muhammad Bāqir, guide from Singer,
722.
Muhammad Bāqir, Imām, saint, slays the
monster of Bāba-ghundi, 52.
Muhammad Bēg, headman of Islāmābād,
722.
Muhammad Yāqūb Khān, surveyor, 2 ;
dispatched from Mirān, along southern
shore of Lop sea-bed, 177 ; surveys
Su-lo-ho river to An-hsi, 270 ; Bēsh-
toghrak valley, 321, 326 ; old lacus-
trine basin, 328 ; Shona-nōr to Chik-
tam, 588 ; near Korla, 786 ; along the
Tārim, 386, 843.
Muhammad Yūsuf Khān, Naib of Tab-
bas, 901.
Muhammadan remains : (Khara-khoto)
444, 452 ; (Ark Hang) 100 ; (Tezak-
kāghe) 811 ; (Sīstān) 926 sqq., 935.
Muhammadan saints, protect water-
supply, 64.
Muhammadan shrines, 30, 58, 59, 64.
See Mazārs, Ziārats.
Muhammadanism : early spread of, east-
wards, 444, 452 ; existed side by side
with Buddhism at Khara-khoto, 453 ;
late introduction into Turfān, 585.
Muj. = Mujnābād.
Mujnābād, ruined site, 899 sq. ; pottery
from, 899 n. 1.
Muk-su valley, cultivation of, 851.
Mukuta, in stucco relief, 179 ; on painted
panels, (Khotan) 1053 sqq.
mulberry trees, dead, (Niya) 142, 152.
Mullah Khwāja, guide, 128.
Murtuk, work at sites of, 633 sqq. ;
finds at, 636 ; list of antiques from,
637–9 ; pottery, 1014 ; Uighur manu-
scripts, 1049.
Musāfirs, ' wanderers ', name given to
migratory colonists, 780.
music, love of, in Kao-ch'ang, 583 n. 6.
musical instrument, on painted scroll

(Astāna), similar to Genkan of Shō-
sōin, 657, 694.
Muz-art pass across T'ien-shan, 805.
Muz-art-daryā, river irrigating Kuchā,
804 ; volume of water, 831 ; ruined
sites to W., 807.
Muz-tāgh-atā range, survey of (1900), 62.

N. = Niya site, list of antiques from,
148 sqq.
Nā-fu-po, Hsüan-tsang's name for Lop,
163.
Nād-'Alī, objects brought from, 938, 940.
Nāga, on painted silk banner, 498.
Nāgarī script, (Vāsīn) 43.
Nakṣatras, lunar mansions, represented
on painted ceiling at Toyuk, 619.
Namadgut, Qala-i-Qa'qa, ruined fortress
near, 872 ; plan and construction of
enceinte wall, 873 sq. ; brushwood
layers used in walls, 873 ; secondary
line of wall, 875 ; pottery debris, 875 ;
purpose and date of fortress, 875.
Nan-ho, post mentioned in Chinese docu-
ment, 400.
Nan-kou-ch'ing, old-world town, Kan-su,
512 ; sculptures of temple ' Ta-ssū-
miao ', 512.
Nan-shan, foot-hills of : sub-soil drain-
age from, 365.
Nangaparbat, Mount, divides routes to
P'o-lü, 6.
Nārin-kūr, grazing grounds of, 537.
Nemādh, Mazār of, 882.
neolithic remains : (Chōl-kōl) 86 ; (Lou-
lan) 188, 196, 285 ; pottery, 205, 206,
211 ; distribution of, in Lou-lan, 206.
Nepalese influence, (Khara-khoto) in
drawings, 492 ; in block-print, 499.
Nestorians among the Uighurs, 585.
Netsuki, 456, 595, 596.
Ni-sê-chih, mentioned by Wu-k'ung,
location uncertain, 894.
Niat, valley of, 10.
niches, in shrines, containing stucco
figures, (Koyumal) 164 ; (Bāsh-Koyu-
mal) 166.
Nien-hao: on coins, see Chinese coins, 158 ;
on wooden tablet, Shêng-p'ing, A.D. 364,
560 ; on stone stele (Ma-ti-ssū) 513.
nimbus, carved and painted, 131, 135 ;
in frescoes, 139, 630 ; stucco relief,
126 ; on wooden panels, 1055.
Nishān 'Alī, Panjābī trader met at Ying-
p'an, 750.
Niya river, old river-bed traced, 144 ;
deltaic termination of old river-beds,
144.
Niya site (Ching-chüeh), revisited, 140
sqq. ; ruins at, 142 sqq., 147.
excavation of ruin N. XLIII, 143 ;
peculiarities of construction and plan
of building, 143.
clearance of dwelling N. XLII, 143.
ruins found to extend five miles S. of
Ni. XLI, 144.

clearing of ruin N. XLIV, 145.
ancient vineyard and fruit trees,
within fenced area, 145.
N. XIV, clearing of ruins, 145 ;
Kharoṣṭhī documents and household
implements found in them, 146, 153,
154.
N. III, excavation of, completed,
147 ; Kharoṣṭhī documents and other
finds, 147.
N. XXVI, ancient cupboards and
doorposts removed from, 146.
miscellaneous finds on eroded
ground, 146 ; pottery, 1014 ; simi-
larity of finds to those of Lou-lan, 146,
147.
List of antiques from, 148–55.
Noble, Mr. P. S., assists in publication of
Kharoṣṭhī documents, xvii.
nōr, wooden conduit for irrigation, 74.
Nōr, village, 74.
Nūrullah, founder of colony of Tūlkūch-
kōl-tārlm, 140.

oat-straw, indicates use of building as
a sheep-pen, or cattle-shed, 143, 145,
153, 263.
oats : (Ösidār) 54 ; (Tur-kōl) 536 ;
(Pāmīrs) 851, 862 ; cultivated in Lou-
lan in Han times, 263.
Obrucheff, Dr., route followed by, to
Hāmi, 381, 386.
Öch-kat, ' the three folds ', village
(Kuchā), triple ramparts of, 811 ;
uncertain origin of, 812.
Ökur-mazār, Muhammadan shrine at, 77.
' old towns ' in desert, legendary, super-
stition about, 595.
Olufsen, Captain A. F. O. H., Through
the Unknown Pamirs, 893 n. 2, 866,
869, &c.
Opo, fort of, 517.
Opo-ling-tzŭ pass, 516.
Ōtanī, Count, on T'ang paintings, 656.
outlaws, meeting with, at Pa-no-p'a,
560 n. 1.
ovens, pottery jars used as, (Sīstān) 975.
Ovid, reference to Chinese silks, 243.
Ovis Poli, Marco Polo's ' wild sheep ',
in Great Pāmīr, 860.
Owang-gol, ruined site near, 461 ; finds
at, 461.
ox-head, terra-cotta, 106.
Oxus valley, 863 sq. ; Hindukush rampart
to south, 862 ; difficulties of route
through Ghārān, 877 ; gorges of, 889 ;
route connecting with Indus, 36. See
also Ab-i-Panja, Wakhān, Shughnān,
Rōshān.
Özbegskī-speaking people, Samarkand—
Bokhāra, physical anthropology of,
996 ; affinities of, 1002 ; contrasted
with Tājiks, 894.

Padmāsana : in block-print, (Khara-