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| 0234 |
Tibet and Turkestan : vol.1 |
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also a Tarim affluent. We found nothing coming in—
all going out. We crossed, or passed near, the head-
waters of the Amou Daria (Oxus), the Syr Daria (Jax-
artes), whose waters go to the great Russian lake, the
Aral Sea, so-called. Then proceeding on the long lines,
drawn north-east, then east around Mongolia, we could
cross or see the sources of the Irtysh, the Yenisee, the
Lena — all the tribe of Siberian streams that seek the
Arctic Ocean.]
We may now give meaning to the long circumfer-
ential inspection—an airy journey of seven thousand
four hundred miles. It is evident that we are deal-
ing with great plateaus, one much lower than the
other. The Mongolia-Turkestan region has an
average elevation of about three thousand five
hundred feet. The Turkestan region, separately
considered, and with which we are most concerned,
is at once a plateau and a depression, since it lies
much lower than the mountains surrounding it.
This characteristic is not so marked in the Mongol-
ian region, as the Gobi desert area is in a sort of
great terrace-form, stepping up to the surrounding
mountains eastward. The Tibetan plateau, in all its
northern (much the larger) area, is approximately at
sixteen thousand feet elevation. The great valley,
toward which the slope is more gradual from the
north than from the south, varies from thirteen
thousand to eleven thousand feet elevation; Lhasa
is between eleven and twelve thousand; Gyangtse,
Leh, and indeed all the other considerable towns
in similar region are at about the same elevation.
The whole of the three great regions we have
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