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Tibet and Turkestan : vol.1 |
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The feature of Tibetan life which would next at-
tract attention by its relative unfamiliarity is the
great development of monasticism. M. Grenard
estimates the number of monks at five hundred
thousand in all Tibet. This obviously is inaccur-
ate, if, as further supposed by several observers,
the total population be about three million. Adult
males would then be about seven hundred thou-
sand. Of adult males, M. Grenard estimates the
monks to be about one-fourth; but he neglects to
work out the result of this assumption, which, for a
total population of three million gives approximately
one hundred and seventy-five thousand monks —
widely at variance with the first-given figure. The
lower total thus reached is far more probable. The
higher figure would, inversely, lead to a total popu-
lation of about ten million—obviously too great.
Dismissing any attempt at accuracy in totals (and
apologising to M. Grenard for seeing a single bad
grain in a heaped-up measure of soundest wheat)
we remain astonished at the high ratio which un-
doubtedly holds in this matter. In explanation of
it, we do not feel satisfied by a mere reference to the
well-known ascetic doctrines of Buddha. Monas-
ticism finds in those teachings, as in the gospel
of Christ, abundant authority, nay, more, a very
special favour, for its practices. Yet we have seen
monasticism pass almost entirely from the Christian
world—the doctrine meanwhile unchanged by any
subsequent revelation. And Buddhism has not
elsewhere produced such a full crop of adherents
(more or less formal) to its creed of abnegation.
The causes which filled Europe with monks in the
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