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| 0301 |
Tibet and Turkestan : vol.1 |
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in him; for a lama, from the Sakya monastery, was
invited to the Court of the great Khan, where Mon-
gol religious indifference made a place and a cere-
monial for every respectable creed. Phagspa Lodoi
Gyaltshan, the favoured lama, would scarcely have
gone to him who had just ravaged part of Tibet, had
not the Eastern Tibetan king already bent to the
majesty of the ruler, who in that part of the world
seemed universal. That the temporal power was
at ebb tide is evident from the fact that the mere
fiat of the distant Khan seems to have been suffi-
cient to place Phagspa as ruler over all the Eastern
country.
This seems to have been the formal beginning
(1270 A.D.) of the system of lama rule under Chinese
suzerainty, which, with some interruption, has con-
tinued until the present day. Rivalries have existed
between monasteries, as in other countries between
contending royal families; and when these rivalries
became acute, and too much energy was expended
in monkish intrigue, occasion offered for the uprising
of some lay nobleman, or the special exertion of the
recognised authority of the Son of heaven, or of
some temporarily powerful chief of the Mongol
peoples west of China proper and north of Tibet.
Not until the eighteenth century was there disturb-
ance from the south, nor from Turkestan on the
north; save that Ladak, so distant from the central
provinces, was overrun in 1531 A.D. by a Moham-
medan ruler coming up from Kashgar, and again,
about 1610 A.D., by the Balti tribes to the west of
Tibet, and who have continued their annoying raids
against caravans up to our own day. A temporal
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