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| 0302 |
Tibet and Turkestan : vol.1 |
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ruler, Phagmodu, about 1350 A.D., succeeded in tak-
ing away the strictly lay power from the monks,
and his dynasty was recognised by the Imperial
Court at Pekin, but by the middle of the fifteenth
century his course seems to have been run. In-
deed, while his family were yet on the throne, there
were several great monasteries exercising independ-
ent lordship over the properties belonging to them,
independent except as they were subject to the over-
lord in Pekin. As against the royal authority in
Tibet, they constituted a true imperium in imperio.
Monastic orders were constantly recruiting from
the body of the people, hence their organisation was
not subject to the deterioration of luxury which saps
every royal family, determines dynastic changes,
and would overthrow monarchy itself were its prin-
ciples not so important to certain societies that in-
stinctively there develops a ruling aristocracy or
family or class which yet declares itself as acting
only in the name of royal decoy—awaiting a resur-
rection of kingly merit, or a revolution.
It is worthy of remark that Phagmodu, the founder
of the kingly power just mentioned, was in the maxi-
mum of his activity when the great Mongol dynasty,
founded by Jenghiz Khan, was in the agonies of
dissolution, its last representative (1333–1368 A.D.),
Shun-te, presenting the perfect type of the royal
scion debauched by inherited power and luxury.
The Ming dynasty, of true Chinese blood, flour-
ished and weakened, falling before the present
Manchu rulers in 1644 A.D. The affairs of Tibet,
as to governmental authority, were much compli-
cated during all of this period. Religious considera-
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