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| 0417 |
Tibet and Turkestan : vol.1 |
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chain, always snow-capped, and also showing rounded
characteristic smooth forms. This chain sometimes re-
ceded from the line parallel to our route, but seemed
never to lose its continuity until merged in the Kara-
koram range.
On the south side the colour was bright brick-red, the
forms sharp, turret-like, fantastic, suggesting relatively
short and violent hydraulic action. So great was the
difference that I was led to suppose the southern chain
may have resulted from some later earth-movement than
that which gave birth to the northern range. These two
characteristic forms and colours are found mingled in
inextricable confusion at both ends of the valley; and,
again, the chapels, towers, and minarets of red appeared
along the short valley which we ascended near Camp
Purgatory. This appearance has probably given rise to
the misplaced name Kizil Jilga, shown farther south on
existing maps. The Kirghiz had never heard of this
name as belonging to this locality, nor, indeed, of any
of the names shown on the R.G.S. or the latest Russian
map, as along and near the Karakash. They applied
the name Kizil Jilga to a big red mountain on the Kara-
koram route. As in all this region there are no inhabi-
tants other than the Kirghiz met by us, it would perhaps
be well to omit these noms de fantaisie from future maps.
The two lakes shown on our route deserve, on the other
hand, that some name be given them. One, of fresh
water, is possibly that called Lake Lighten by Wellby.
The other lake is salt, and has been visited by natives,
we thought, because a trail was seen near it, which we
tried to follow, but vainly,—it gradually disappeared in
the sands. Perhaps it had been made only by wild yak
and wild horses. A remarkable lowering in the level of
the lake seems to have taken place in recent years.
Well-defined banks stand up about fifteen feet from the
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