Tibet and Turkestan : vol.1 / 299 ページ（カラー画像）

0299	Tibet and Turkestan : vol.1
チベットとトルキスタン : vol.1

0299

Tibet and Turkestan : vol.1

チベットとトルキスタン : vol.1

been attempted bespeaks a powerful central force.
Such tyranny rarely exists save as the outgrowth of
a theocratic tendency. This may take the form of
a concession of earthly power to a religious teacher,
as in the case of the Pope or the Dalai Lama; or, by
reversal, the ascription of religious character to the
earthly ruler, as in the case of the Roman tyrants,
the Russian Czar, and the Turkish Sultan; or,
lastly, the yielding to an organised priesthood of
that general power which superior intelligence can
gain, and can easily gain, when playing upon the
superstitions of the ignorant. It may well be sur-
mised that the lamas, corresponding to the priests
and monks of our Dark Ages, were then, as now,
almost the only writers in the land; and when a peo-
ple, not given to industry as in the modern world,
cease for a time to fight, then the ''clerks,'' the cleri-
cals, the ''learned,'' will soon control the king and
the people, who yield much to the combination of
crown and book. The impractical levelling effort
of Munibtsan-po may be taken as an indication of
clerical influence at its best, when it is still aiming
at high moral ideals, and has not yet grasped the
sceptre, or even begun systematically to struggle
for it. That follows.
Meanwhile, another encounter with China took
place, noticeable because the peace-treaty ending
the bloodshed (821 A.D.) is still in existence, on bi-
lingual tablets preserved at Lhasa. They are, per-
haps, the earliest indubitable historic monuments of
the country, significant of its greatness, important
also to the philologist. It is recorded that shortly
after this event the reigning king instituted a

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