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| 0412 |
Tibet and Turkestan : vol.1 |
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APPENDIX A
GEOLOGICAL AND MINOR GEOGRAPHICAL CONSID-
ERATIONS IN TIBET AND TURKESTAN
Partly from a Paper read before the Royal Geographical Society,
February 8, 1904.
WHILE ascending the mountains from Polu, one
sees rapidly at work the forces of disintegration
attacking the vast masses of exposed friable material.
Slates, shales, conglomerates, loose sandstones—such
are the abounding substances which the torrents wear
away. One also sees some large pebbles of the harder
materials scarcely to be found now represented by the
strata above them in situ. Great as are these changes
now, they must be pigmy efforts compared to the titanic
movements of the past. On the plateau one sees and
travels in veritable rivers of sand; its large limits mark
the boundaries of some great slow stream whose waters
came down from vanished heights. Again, where the
slope is greater, the course of a mighty torrent is marked
by close-packed, rounded boulders. In one case, we
followed the bank of such a silent river of stones to an
elevation of eighteen thousand feet, where a flat area
about three miles long showed boulders laid so accurately
to the level, so cemented by sand, sometimes so regu-
larly formed in circles, that one would have thought it a
pavement of giants leading to the foundations of huge
temples. Save, perhaps, in some stretches of the upper
Blue Nile, I have never seen a stream having at the same
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