国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ
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| 0064 |
Southern Tibet : vol.1 |
| 南チベット : vol.1 |
引用情報
OCR読み取り結果
CHAPTER II.
THE GREEKS AND ROMANS.
Turning our attention to geographical knowledge of classical antiquity we are
surprised to find that the names of India and of the river Indus have been known
and written down so early as about 520 or 500 B. C., namely, in the works of
Hecatæus, of which some scanty fragments have been preserved to our own time.
But he had certainly not the slightest knowledge of the countries north of India,
nor of the vast regions east of the river Indus.
Nor does Herodotus seem ever to have heard of the river Ganges, and he
knew only very little of the western half of the Indian peninsula. He has described
about one third of Asia, extending from the shores of the Arabian gulf, the Medi-
terranean and Pontus Euxinus on the west, to the Hyperboreans, and India to the
north and east, and he regarded India as the last inhabited country, bordered east-
wards by vast deserts, uninhabited and unexplored. Of China, Mongolia, Siberia,
Tibet and the eastern part of the Indian peninsula he knew nothing. ¹
Herodotus had heard of the great gold production of India, and tells us that
it was partly dug out of the earth, partly washed down by the streams. But the
greatest part came from the sandy desert beyond the Pactyan land, where a species
of ant burrowed in the sandy soil, and threw up large heaps at the mouth of its
burrows, and this sand contained gold in abundance. The Indians, traversing the
desert upon very fleet camels, filled their sacks with the precious sand, and then
retreated in all haste, pursued by the ants. Herodotus seems to have located this
sandy desert to the north or north-east of the Indian tribes to which he refers. But
Herodotus does not at all mention the existence of mountains in this part of Asia.
Megasthenes, on the other hand, who locates the gold-digging ants among the
Derdæ, knows that the latter are »a people among the mountains towards the east
of India», and describes their country as a high table-land. The same people are
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