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| 0173 |
Southern Tibet : vol.1 |
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OCR Text
The Manasarovar is mentioned under the name of A-o-ta chih or Lake Anava-
tapta, situated to the south of Kang-ti-ssü or Kailas. Rockhill tells us that the
I-t'ung-chih mentions, among the lakes of Tibet, »Ma-pin-mu ta-la, 200 li N.E. of
Ta-ko-la in Ngari, and 65 li S.E. of mount Kailas. It is the source of the Ganges
and is over 180 li in extent. Lake Chi-ka, 170 li N. of Ta-ko-la and 34 li S.W.
of the Kailas. It is over 300 li in extent, and is connected with Ma-pin-mu-ta-la.»
The Chi-ka is therefore our Langak-tso.
Rockhill illustrates his important article with a Route map of Ulterior Tibet,
taken from Hsi-chao-t'u-lüeh, of which Pl. VIII is a reproduction. Unfortunately it
does not reach sufficiently far to the west. But Kang-ti-ssü comes in, and is indeed
drawn as the highest mountain of Tibet. West of it is La-ta-ko (Ladak), south is
A-li (Ngari), and N.E. is Sa-ko (Saka). To the north is a Salt Lake, but there is
no Tso-mavang. The Kailas is correctly shown as situated south of the Trans-
himalaya. In two cases the tributaries are in connection with each other, forming rings.
Finally Pl. IX is the reproduction of a map for which I am indebted to
Professor Edouard Chavannes who accompanied it with the following words: »Je vous
communique le fascicule contenant des cartes, de Si tsang t'ou k'ao 'Cartes avec
notes critiques sur le Tibet'. Cet ouvrage a été rédigé en 1886 par Houang T'ci-
k'iao.» The hydrography of this map has obviously been derived from the same
sources as d'Anville's map of 1733, of which a reproduction will be found in vo-
lume III of this work (compare also Pl. LI below). In the west of the map we
find how the Ganges is formed by two branches, after which the joint river in a
sharp bend turns east and south-east. The northern branch is in reality the upper
Indus, the southern is the Satlej. Between both, near their junction, is a lake which
on d'Anville's map is called Dsakion Somtou. The Satlej branch comes from two
lakes, on d'Anville's map Mapama Talai and Lanken, or Tso-mavang and Langak-
tso. Other great resemblances with d'Anville's map may be found, for instance in
the representation of Tengri-nor and Jamdok-tso.
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