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| 0225 |
Southern Tibet : vol.1 |
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difficult and rocky. The caravan proceeded towards the heart and the great heights
of the mountains, the same road which, 180 years later, was used by WEBB and
RAPER, who did not know that the priority belonged to a Portuguese. In his ex-
cellent narrative Raper has not a word for Andrade, but he confirms his observa-
tions. In a very clever essay, C. WESSELS has just drawn the parallels between the
two travellers.¹ Wessels' work on Andrade is a very welcome addition to the
history of exploration in Tibet, and he has put an end to the belief that Andrade
should have travelled through Kashmir and the whole of Tibet and that he should
have discovered the Manasarovar.²
However, the missionaries continued and reached the holy temples of Badri-
nath. Webb and Raper proceeded at a later period so far as to the village of Mana
on the Saraswati, the upper course of the Vishnu-Ganga. But Andrade continued far
beyond the village and struggled for success. Marques had been left behind; only
the two servants and a guide from Mana accompanied the missionary. After three
days some men from Mana came up and advised him to return, unless he wanted die
on the pass. Still he continued through heaps of snow and in blinding snow-storms.
He graphically describes all their difficulties in this inhospitable region, where many
travellers succumb from poisonous gases.³ Finally the little party reached the pass,
and Andrade describes in the following important sentence what he saw: »Nesta
forma fomos caminhando atee o alto de todas as serras, onde nasce o Rio Ganga
de hum grande tanque, & do mesmo nasce tambem outra, que rega as terras do
Tibet.»⁴ Or, in other words, he reached the highest point of the rocks, where the
river Ganga takes its rise from a great pool, from which also another river begins
which irrigates the countries of Tibet.⁵ We shall have to return to this passage
later on.
From the Mana pass Andrade saw the Kingdom of Tibet. But now their
fatigues and hardships were also at their culmination. They were snow-blind and
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