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| 0233 |
Southern Tibet : vol.1 |
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the first, but by no means the last who made the two lakes belong to two different
hydrographical systems, instead of one single system, the Satlej. As Joseph accom-
panied Andrade on all his journeys and perhaps was one of his two Christian servants
on the first journey, he may have given Kircher the information which is missing in
Andrade's narrative. This is only so far important, that, if all facts were known,
we should be able to fix a year for the effluence of both lakes. I find it likely that
the informant has made his observation on the place about 1624—1627. This period
must have been very rich in precipitation, which also agrees with Andrade's descrip-
tion of the heaps of snow and the snow falls on the Mana pass even in June.¹
Remembering the hopeless confusion that has existed amongst European geo-
graphers about the Manasarovar and the sources of the great Indian rivers until
comparatively lately, it is not surprising that the representation on maps some 250
years ago was still more fantastic. But Andrade is innocent as to the misinterpretation
of his text.
For a long time the cartographers in Europe did not take any notice at all
of Andrade's discoveries.² Only Delisle on his map of India and China, published
in 1705, has entered Chaparangue or Tibet and a big lake from which two rivers
issue, the Ganges and a river flowing through the Kingdom of Tibet. On d'An-
ville's map of 1733 Dshaprong (Tsaparang) is also marked on a river coming from
the Rakas-tal, but he has got his material from the Tibetan side of the Himalaya.
Therefore Andrade had no greater influence as an explorer and as a creator
of new material to the maps, than as a preacher of the Gospel in Tibet.³
In this connection I will only mention the famous journey of the two Jesuit Fathers
JOHANNES GRUEBER and ALBERT DORVILLE straight across Asia, from Peking to
India. They left Peking on April 13th, 1661, and travelled through Si-ngan, Lan-chow,
Si-ning, and along the northern shore of Koko-nor. After crossing Tsaidam they
ascended the Tibetan highlands and crossed the great feeders of the Blue River.
Tang-la was the highest range they had to conquer, a range which nearly 200 years
later became so famous through Huc and Gabet. From the monastery, Reting-gompa,
they continued to Lhasa and proceeded thence to Shigatse, and over the Langur
mountains to Katmandu in Nepal. They reached Agra viâ Patna in March 1662,
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