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| 0408 |
Southern Tibet : vol.1 |
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CHAPTER XXVII
THE JESUIT CARTOGRAPHERS IN CHINA, AND D'ANVILLE'S
MAP OF THE LAKES AND THEIR SURROUNDINGS.
Richthofen has given us the most admirable description of the Jesuit mission-
aries' cartographical work in China, and I cannot do better than give a short ex-
tract from his standard work. In 1582 the Italian, MATTEO RICCI inaugurated the
history of the Jesuit mission in China; he visited many places and founded stations
before he finally arrived in Peking in 1601. Seeing the great success of catholicism,
in 1617, the Emperor ordered all the Jesuits to leave his dominions. They, how-
ever, took refuge and were well received in the houses of converts, and after some
years of inactivity were again allowed to stay. New men came out from Europe,
amongst others the famous Tyrolian MARTIN MARTINI, whom Richthofen regards
as the founder of the geographical knowledge of the interior of China, the Germans,
FABER, and ADAM SCHAAL, and the Belgian, VERBIEST. During the dynastic fights
they took the side of the Manchus, and their influence with the first Manchu emperors
therefore became rather powerful. After the Dominicans and Franciscans had arrived
in China, in 1630, a time of disputes began, but the Jesuits kept their ground
through great difficulties, and in 1692 Kang Hi issued the important decree which
opened the gates to catholicism.
Only very scientifically trained members of the order were sent to China. In
1688 the great Frenchmen, GERBILLON and BOUVET arrived, and Gerbillon accom-
panied the Emperor on all his journeys. In the midst of new interior struggles
which nearly destroyed the missionaries' own prospects of success, the Jesuits won
their greatest scientific triumphs, and the first seventeen years of the 18th century
mark a real epoch in their history. During these years they accomplished the
work of their famous map of China.ยน
When the great Emperor Kang Hi had effected the conquest of China which
had been begun by his predecessors, he decided, in 1708, to have a map drawn of
his countries, and ordered the Jesuit missionaries, who were learned in mathematical
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