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Digital Archive of Toyo Bunko Rare Books
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| 0061 |
Southern Tibet : vol.1 |
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OCR Text
shows that this northern highland, on account of its sacredness, was in fact the only
country outside of India which was known to the old Indians. The pilgrims used to
go to the holy lake from Badari on the sources of the Gangā; another road, from
Kashmir, was also used, going over the mountain Çveta which was a pass on the
high mountain Vatikakhaṇḍa and called the Gate of Mānasa. Another gate was
situated north of Videha. ¹
E. T. Atkinson identifies the Bindu-sarovara of the Purāṇas with Rakas-tal.
The Aruṇoda lake, which is said to lie east of Manasarovar, he suggests as being
identical with Cho Konkyu or Gungyut-cho (Gunchu-tso), which he places »near
the source of the Brahmaputra». The Çitoda lake, which is west of the Māna lake,
he regards, most probably as identical with the Cho Moriri, »the source of the
western Satlaj». The Mahābhadra lake he identifies with one of the lakes of the
table-land. He finds a mingling of facts from different parts, so that, for instance,
Meru in some cases clearly indicates the mountains north and west of Kashmir and
in others those round the sacred lake. In its widest sense Meru embraces the whole
of western Tibet between the Kailas and the Kara-korum, the Himalaya and
Kwen-lun.
Regarding the great rivers Atkinson adheres to Wilson's identification of the
Bhadrā as the Obi, the Sita as the Hwang-ho, the Alaknandā as the Ganges and
the Chakshu as the Oxus. But the local traditions identify the Bhadrā with the
Indus or »Lion river», that is the Sing-chin-kamba of the Tibetans; the Chakshu
with the Brahmaputra or »Horse-river», Tamjyak-kamba; the Alaknandā with the
Çatadrū or Satlej or »Bull-river», the Lang-chin-kamba; the fourth river is the Kar-
nali or Mapchu-kamba, the »Peacock river». »All these rivers take their rise in the
Māna and Rākhas lakes or in the mountains near them known as Kailāsa by the
Hindus.» ²
On a wall in the vestibule of Tugu-gompa I found a Tibetan inscription,
which, amongst other things, contains the following words of the holy lake: ³ »Tso-
mavang is the holiest place in the world. In its centre dwells a god in human
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