国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

mountain, called mGon-po-ri. Not far in front of it to the south is situated the lake
Ma-p'am and to the west from this lake the little lake Lan-dar-mtso.»

Then he gives some religious legends about Kailas and continues: »To the
east from Gañ-ri are situated 'Brog-žad (Dshoshot), Luñ-k'a and other districts.» In
Ladak he knows Leh and K'rig-se. He also knows mT'o-ldiñ-gser-k'añ (Totling Ser-
kang) in Gu-ge. Near the front side of Gangri he places the district of Ngari Purang,
where the temple Shin-Pel-gLing¹ is situated. He correctly observes that east
of Purang is a country called kLo-bo-sman-t'añ, where Indian tribes predominate,
although there are Tibetan tribes as well. In old times the country belonged to
Tibet, in his own days to Nepal. Diñ-ri (Tingri) and Sa-skya-gompa are also known
to him. »North of the temple of Sa-skya, on the bank of the river Tsan-bo and at
other places are situated Lha-rtse, Nam-riñ, P'un-ts'og rdsoñ, and other towns.»

He talks of a magnificent snowy range to the north, and on its other side is
the sTod-hor aimak. Passing this mountain and some nomad grounds and steppes
in which there is no grass, no water, no trees, one comes to the Mohammedan
country of Antsian,² and from there, that is to say from the north, nobody can
make an invasion in Tibet. »But in olden times, when there was war between the
Sa-skya-pa and 'Bri-guñ-pa, the 'Bri-guñ-pa's brought the Kashgarian army to Sakia
across these mountains and, it seems very likely, even now there are to be found
independent Mohammedans on the other side of these mountains.»

Tashi-lun-bo, (bKra-sis-lhun-po) where the Banchen-Erdeni (Mongolian transla-
tion of Pan-c'en rin-po-c'e, common in Russian books) resides, has 4,000 monks.
He gives a description of Lhasa and its surroundings, dGa-ldan, Se-ra, 'Bras-spuñs,
Gyañ-rtse, Yar-'brog-mts'o, dPa-sde rdsoñ.

»North of dBus-gTsañ (Ü-tsañ) is situated the great country of the nomads, in
which the four great northern tribes wander about: namely Nags-ts'añ, gNam-ru,
Nag-c'u, and Yañs-pa-can; who, however, are also called Hor, but they are
Tibetans . . . In that country is situated the lake Namtsochugmo; one of the four
stormy, snowy mountains, gNan-c'en-t'añ-lhai-gañs-ri — and some other interesting
places.» Again he crosses the Tsañ-po and describes rTse-t'añ, Jar-luñ etc. Only
en passant he mentions Sa-dga, which Vasiliev identifies with Sa-skya, but which
more likely is meant to be Saka-dsong. Finally he describes Konbo and goes on
to K'am, Li-t'añ, sKu'bum, Si-liñ Kökö-nör etc. There is a good deal of other
geographical matter in his account, which is not easy to make out, and I have
quoted from Vasiliev's translation only such places which are of special interest to us.

It is not surprising that the Manasarovar, as being the object of so many
pilgrims' journeys should attract the attention of Minchul Khutuktu as well. But he
has not much to say of the lake. The spring in its neighbourhood, which he called