国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

kestan originates from the Swedish officers, though Strahlenberg's map of 1730 is
in many respects much more correct than Pl. XLIII and XLIV.

I cannot help finishing this chapter with a name which will be unknown to
many readers, that of the Swede LORENZ LANGE who from 1715 to 1737 made
four journeys from Russia to Peking, and played such an important part in the
foundation of Russio-Chinese Trade. As he travelled through Siberia and Mongolia,
— generally viâ Tobolsk, Tomsk, Kiakhta, and Kalgan we have nothing to do with
his experiences here. The impulse to his journey was that Emperor Kang Hi had
written to the Governor of Siberia and asked for a physician, an opportunity that
Tsar Peter the Great used, not only for sending the English surgeon Garwin, but
also to arrange a whole embassy, the chief of which was Lange, who had entered
the Russian Service.¹ So far as Lange's diaries have been published they do not
contain much geography, but interminable negotiations with the Chinese officials, and
very sympathetic descriptions of Emperor Kang Hi. In 1721—1722 Lange stayed
in Peking as a resident.² Here he seems only occasionally to have heard a word or
two about Tibet. Once when he received some Mandarins one of them told him that
he had just been ordered by the Emperor to go as an Ambassador to the Dalaï-Lama.
A note tells us, from the Histoire Généalogique des Tatars, that this potentate lives
in a monastery near the city of Potala in the Kingdom of Tangut, on a high moun-
tain south of the desert of Xamo. At another place he says that China has hardly
any trade with India, and a note adds that it is so on account of sand deserts ab-
solutely impracticable for merchants.

To the diary is added a map, of which Pl. XLV shows a part. The
hydrography and orography are nearly the same as on Pl. XLIII and XLIV.
But the lake in the eastern part of Bucharia Minor, which obviously is the Lop-nor,
is here cut off from every connection with the ilac river of Jerkeen. The Ganges
comes from two lakes, and its source branch, Kocktebe, is situated in Tibet.

A special curiosity of the map is that Chaparangue, the first really known amongst
Tibetan towns, and famous for a hundred years, has been removed from its old home
in the west, and changed into a close neighbour to Lassa. And more interesting still:
the city is placed on a river coming from a lake, as is indeed the case with Chaparangue
or Tsaparang, though on this map the river goes the wrong way. The lake may be
Andrade's pool, from which rose a river watering Tibet. But then one cannot explain
why the Ganges does not take its rise from the same lake, as in Andrade's narrative.