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| 0414 |
Southern Tibet : vol.1 |
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still called Langchen-kabab¹ or the »mouth of the elephant», that is to say, the source
of the Satlej. From a little lake at the foot of these mountains a river flows to the
N.W. and empties itself in the Manasarovar. This river is the Tage-tsangpo
of my map, which comes from a glacier, Gang-lung, and not from a lake, though
a moraine-lake may easily be situated in front of the snout of the glacier. A little
farther north d'Anville has another nameless river, which is the same as the Samo-
tsangpo of modern maps. This river also comes from a small lake which no longer
exists. Close to the east of it we find L. Conghé which is Gunchu-tso of modern maps.
The river flowing down from the valley of Pachung is also to be found on d'An-
ville's map, — without a name. But the mountain at its head, which I passed in
1908, is on d'Anville's map entered under the name M. Patchon, although it has
been placed north of Kailas instead of east. There are two lagunæ at the northern
shore of L. Mapama, which also existed in 1907 and 1908. To the western lakelet
two small rivers flow from the mountains east of Kailas, which is correct, and
so is the little river which enters L. Lanken from the north. The general arrange-
ment of the mountains is perfectly correct, proving that the Lamas have understood
that the two lakes are situated between two great systems, the Himalaya and the
Transhimalaya.
Farther, we find the channel going out of L. Mapama and entering L. Lanken
and finally the Lanctchou R., or as now, Langchen-kamba, issuing from L. Lanken.
D'Anville's map proves, that in 1717 the channel between the lakes was filled with
water, and that the Satlej flowed from Rakas-tal. It also proves that the Samo-
tsangpo did not issue from the Gunchu-tso, which would have been a physical im-
possibility, at least during the latter part of the post-glacial period.
On account of the original maps having been copied, the maps of d'Anville
contain errors probably not to be found in the originals. Klaproth, and with
him Ritter, regret that d'Anville did not keep to the detailed sheets of Tibet
when joining them to his general map of that country which has therefore lost a
good deal in exactness. The hydrography of our lakes as well as their surroundings
are the same on both maps, but the latitude has been changed from 29¹/₂° on the
special map to 31¹/₂° on the general one, the correct situation being just between
the two. ²
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