Southern Tibet : vol.2 / 98 ページ（白黒高解像度画像）

0098	Southern Tibet : vol.2
南チベット : vol.2

north of the mountain of the Satlej, which has one source at least among its wes-
tern ravines, and perhaps also of the Brahmaputra. The latter takes its rise in
all probability among the eastern off-shoots of the Kailas; he was told that the
Gogra arose in the Manasarovar lake, i. e. on the southern slopes of Gangri,
or Kailas.
He is right only regarding the two first rivers, for really one of the source-
branches of the Satlej can be said to rise on the western side of the Kailas, namely,
the river of the valley Dung-lung, although it really comes from the southern slopes
of the Transhimalaya,¹ on the other side of which the Indus rises. But this was
unknown in Cunningham's days. It is not the first time we find the Brahmaputra
to be supposed to rise on the eastern side of the Kailas or its off-shoots. The
Gogra as rising from the lake is a revival of Tieffenthaler's opinion.
Cunningham finally discusses the question of the rise and fall of the Mana-
sarovar, which Gerard had taken as proof of the existence of an outlet.² Cunningham
correctly points out that if there is a rise and fall there cannot be an outlet, for an outlet
should reduce the fluctuations. In August 1812, Moorcroft had considered the rise
and fall to amount to four feet. But Cunningham, judging from the analogy of such
of the streams north of the Himalayas as he had seen, calculates the levels of the
lakes to occur in November, and thus the rise and fall of the Manasarovar could be
estimated at 6 or 7 feet, a difference which, in his opinion, precludes the probability
of a free egress for its waters, although it does not absolutely prove there is no such
egress. The rise and fall of Rakas-tal was unknown and this argument does not
affect the rise of the Satlej in it. Cunningham's belief was that the river had no
connection with the lake.

On JOHN WALKER's map of Kashmir, 1842, illustrating G. T. VIGNE's book,
the ›Ladak or Western Branch‹ of the Indus is also called Sinh-Kha-bab or the
Lion's Mouth. Between Chumba and Jammu, Vigne mentions a small lake Mansa,
on his map, Manasa, of which he says: ›Mánsa is an abbreviation of Manása, the
mind-born, and sarovara, or sara, a lake; i. e. the lake produced by the mind or
will of Brahma, the creator. Of the same name, 'Mánsarovar', is the great lake
visited by Mr Moorcroft, whence the Indus takes its rise.³ If he had studied Moor-
croft more attentively, he would have found that he absolutely denies that any river
takes its rise from the lake.

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