Southern Tibet : vol.2 / 181 ページ（白黒高解像度画像）

0181	Southern Tibet : vol.2
南チベット : vol.2

The text, so far as the source of the Indus is concerned, does not agree with
Reclus' little map, taken from Walker. For there the Kailas is situated on the
water-parting range north of the lakes, and the Indus takes its rise from the northern
and N.E. slopes of the Kailas, far west of Maryum-la, and separated from it by another
hydrographic system. ¹

Speaking of the Lopchak Mission from Ladak to Lhasa R. L. KENNION, men-
tions the sources of the Indus and the Brahmaputra. He says that ›their (the mer-
chants') road lies along the banks of the Indus, but lately sprung from his cradle
among the peaks of Kailas.‹ And further: ›Passing on from here (Gartok), they
will continue their journey towards the rising sun, through the land of Boongpa,
'where there is gold', leaving the sacred mountains of Kailas, the mystic sources of
Indus and Brahmaputra and the famous lakes of Mansarowar, on their right hand,
and so on to the great monastery of the yellow lamas at Tashi Lunpo.‹ ² It is not
surprising that he places the sources of the Indus among the peaks of Kailas, but
how the Kailas with the sources of the Indus can be situated to the right of the
road to Tashi-lunpo, is hard to see.

This is what the Rev. GRAHAM SANDBERG, B. A. said of the sources of the
three rivers, in 1904: ³

›The sources of the Yeru Tsangpo have not been visited as yet, though they have
been pretty accurately located; but then the sources of the shortest great river rising in and
flowing out of Tibet, the Sutlej, are not to this day absolutely known. Furthermore, it is
still a subject of mystery and speculation where so familiar a river as the Indus actually takes
rise. The origin of one branch is comparatively plain — it lies to the N.W. of Kailas and
flows past Gartok. However, the sources of the eastern branch of the Indus remain unvisited.
We have not yet seen a good diagnosis of their approximate situation in any authoritative
article. Nevertheless, examining a certain old report or diary of a native explorer, we noted
that he approached these eastern sources, though he did not positively reach them; but he
gives the important information that they lie not far from Mariam La, in streams varying in
situation and from 10 to 20 miles N.E. of that Pass, in a range styled Gangri Gurgyab.‹ ⁴

Sandberg was a good scholar in matters Tibetan, and, so late as in 1904,
he knew very little of the origin of the three rivers. Of course the whereabouts of
the sources were known, but the situation of the very sources had not been settled,
for nobody had visited them. Only for the source of the Indus had he searched in
vain for even an approximate situation. The native explorer, who located the source
of the Indus to the mountains N.E. of Maryum-la, was one of the Pundits.

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