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| 0255 |
Southern Tibet : vol.2 |
| 南チベット : vol.2 |
引用情報
OCR読み取り結果
should remember that Alexander lost three quarters of his army. And if we com-
pare the old description with the narratives of Sir FREDERIC GOLDSMID ¹ and
Captain S. B. MILES,² who have travelled the same way in our time, it would be
hard to call the climate of the coastland in any way worse now than in 325 B.C.
The same aridity, the same heat, sand dunes and occasional rains, the same poor
population living on fish and dates and dwelling in miserable huts of the same kind
and drinking from brackish wells exactly as in Alexander's time!
WILHELM TOMASCHEK who has compared the descriptions of the Arabian
geographers of the 10th and 11th centuries, as Istakhri and MAQDISI, with the mod-
ern descriptions of the Persian deserts, arrives at the conclusion: »Aus der Ver-
gleichung ergibt sich mit Sicherheit, dass die Zustände innerhalb des letzten Jahr-
tausends auf diesem Gebiete merkwürdig stationär geblieben sind.« ³ Tomaschek
believes that the oases of Eastern Persia a thousand years ago could not feed more
inhabitants than now. From the last 630 years, after Marco Polo's journey, one
comes to the same result: the Persian desert is not worse now than then. ⁴
Dr. W. F. HUME has obtained the same result referring to the climate of Egypt.
»None of the observations recorded in the past give any indication that the climate
differed greatly from that of today, and rainstorms were as rare during the time of
Herodotus as they are now . . . The regularity in the character of the Nile floods
through the long period of time during which they have been recorded also tends
to indicate that the conditions now obtaining were those prevalent throughout
the historical period in Egypt.« But, regarding the post-glacial changes in general
Hume says: »The studies made in Egypt point to conditions in which deposition ex-
ceeded erosion, and water-accumulation prevailed over desiccation. On theoretical
grounds we should expect that there would be a great reduction of temperature
during the glacial period, and the present climate of Egypt is of such a character
that such reduction would produce very marked effects in increasing rainfall and the
other agents of denudation.« He has 8 different points of evidence for the gradual
desiccation in post-glacial times, amongst which the former presence of plant-life
where desert conditions now prevail, the drying up of the great lakes in the Kharga
Oasis, the production of general terraces on the large scale in former days, probably
as the result of more frequent rainfall and frost-denudation, etc. ⁵
From 20 years' travels in Syria, Palestine and Egypt Professor MAX BLANCKEN-
HORN has arrived at the same conclusions. ⁶ Since long ago it has been known that
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381
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393
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403
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461
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473
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487
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503
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517
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532
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