Southern Tibet : vol.2 / 277 ページ（白黒高解像度画像）

0277	Southern Tibet : vol.2
南チベット : vol.2

will advance. During a dry period the lakes will be, at least superficially, cut off,
and the glaciers enter a period of retreat.

The parallelism will, however, not be complete, for the advance of the glaciers
will always be delayed several years, whereas the Manasarovar will begin to rise the
very first year of a rainy period.

Further periods of low order which can easily be followed in the lakes would
altogether disappear in the movements of the glaciers. In the lakes we may read the
finest oscillations possible, and we can distinguish between the Manasarovar periods
with effluence only from the eastern lake, and Rakas-tal periods with effluence also
from the western. Such fine distinction would be swallowed up along the length of
a great glacier. To this should be added that the advance and retreat of glaciers
are also influenced by other agencies than precipitation only, and that the topography
of their surroundings may interfere and cause irregularities.

That periodical variations exist in the glacier movements is clearly shown by
the instance of the Kumdan and Aktash glaciers. A great amount of more or less
reliable information has also been gathered by different travellers. A few examples
may be sufficient. Vigne heard from natives that the snow of the glacier at Arundo
was slowly but perceptibly advancing, in 1835. In the Nubra valley Thomson saw
from old moraines that the glaciers had, during some earlier period, advanced much
further than in 1848. Similar observations were made by Godwin Austen, Drew
and several others. Longstaff heard that the Chumik glacier had joined the Bilafond
about 15 years before his visit. At the snout of the Siachen glacier there were in-
dications of an advance since 1862. The Hassanabad glacier is said to have recently
made a very considerable advance. Not long ago the Indian Survey, through the action
of Douglas Freshfield and Lord Curzon, has set about measuring typical glaciers
in various parts of the Himalaya. In Les variations périodiques des glaciers for
1908, published by the International Glacier Commission, we are told that the retreat
of glaciers in 1908 is a general phenomenon, embracing the whole earth.¹ Mumm and
Stein declare that Asiatic glaciers have been decreasing during later years. Only
the Kara-korum glaciers should make an exception. It would, however, carry us too
far to enter into this problem, which is still far from its definite solution.

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