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| 0099 |
Southern Tibet : vol.2 |
Citation Information
OCR Text
In 1828, Carl Ritter presented to the Royal Academy of Sciences in Berlin
a short monograph on the Himalaya.¹ His material he gets from Tieffenthaler,
Turner, Elphinstone, Crawfurd, Hamilton, Herbert, Hodgson, Gerard, Webb, Fraser,
Moorcroft, Forster, and others. All this material he discusses critically and a map
is added, drawn by J. L. Grimm from all English maps in existence². In the region
of the lakes we easily recognise Moorcroft's and Hearsay's map.
In 1833, Ritter regards most of the country north of the western Himalaya as
an absolute terra incognita. To this belong, amongst other parts, the country north
of the upper Satadru or Satlej from Shipki up to the sacred lakes, and the whole
valley of the upper Indus between Gartok and Leh and beyond.
Ritter shows that the travellers proceeded on four different ways from the
south: Andrade and Moorcroft by the Mana- and Niti-Ghat, Herbert and Alex.
Gerard along the upper Satlej by Shipki and along its tributaries, Moorcroft and
J. G. Gerard by way of the source of the Jinab and the Paralasa range, and Desi-
deri by way of Kashmir and Ladak. From all their accounts he concludes that
north of the snowy ranges of the Himalayas a new land begins, a land without any
deep eroded valleys and which the British explorers call a table-land, because here
the high mountain-plains (Hochflächen) begin.³ Ritter supposes that the sources of
the ›northern Indus branch‹, by which he erroneously means the Garchung, must be
situated at some thousand feet higher than the ›source lake of Satadru‹. In his
special chapter on the sources of the Indus, Ritter does not and cannot follow
any other authority than Moorcroft. Therefore he places the real source of the
river west of the point where the Misar-branch begins, which, as we know, is
only a tributary. For the Garchung or Gartang branch he also quotes Fraser,
Herbert and Gerard.
From Moorcroft's account, Ritter gives the Satlej three source branches. The
southernmost of these issues from the western end of the lake Rakas-tal.⁴ As to the
two other branches of the Satadru he considers the one to come from Misar and the
other from Tirtapuri. Only after the junction of the three branches, a little above
Kyunglung, does the river get the name Satadru. Of course he makes the same mis-
take as Moorcroft, for the third main branch, the one issuing from Rakas-tal, is in
reality the same as the Tirtapuri branch, and the Misar branch can never be called
one of the three main branches.
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144
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155
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167
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237
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249
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259
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269
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279
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289
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305
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323
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334
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345
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356
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367
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381
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393
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403
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415
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428
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445
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461
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473
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487
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503
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517
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532
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