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| 0100 |
Southern Tibet : vol.2 |
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From the same year, 1833, is Grimm's map of the Himalaya of Beshahr,
Garhwal and Kumaun,¹ of which I have a part reproduced on Pl. VI. The hydrog-
raphy of this map is almost entirely taken from Moorcroft, (Pl. III). There are
only two important features which are not from Moorcroft. From the S.E. a river
enters the Mapang or Manas-sarowar, corresponding to the Tage-tsangpo or upper-
most Satlej. But there is no Samo-tsangpo, so the connection with Gunchu-tso, as
misunderstood by Gerard, has not been accepted on the map. The difficulty caused
by the fact that Moorcroft had not been able to find any kind of connecting channel
between the two lakes is overcome by Ritter and Grimm in marking with a dotted
line a channel across the southernmost part of the neck of land between the lakes.
Here we read the very interesting legend: »beide Seen verbunden durch einen period.
Flusslauf«, which shows, clearly enough, that Ritter understood the physical necessity
of an effluent, the existence of which had more than once been affirmed from
native information. As Moorcroft had not found it in the northern part of the
neck, it must be situated in the southern, where Moorcroft had never been.²
The brook Crishna, corresponding to my Sölung-urdu, is separated from Mamjo
Kampa³ by a pass, Ghati Behroun, for which Tieffenthaler is responsible.
As to the source of the Indus, Moorcroft had wisely written: »Supposed source
of the Indus Rr.« at the origin of the Gartok branch, which Ritter has translated
in the more positive form: Indus-Quellen. The N.E. branch he calls Singzing-Kampa,
in accordance with Gerard (Pl. IV).
The lakes are situated between two very solid and powerful ranges running
N.W. to S.E. Cailasa Peak is shown as rising from the range which Moorcroft calls
Cailâs, and Gerard, Kylas. S.E. of Kailas there is a Kentais-se or Gangdisri Moun-
tain. Darchan is, as on some other maps, also called Gangari.⁴
In 1834 Ritter points out the fact that all that was known about Tibet was
brought from Chinese sources and missionaries who had no gift of observation, al-
though, if he had known the manuscripts of Desideri and Beligatti, he would have
changed his opinion. Even using all the material in existence, he finds that the
result of a discussion becomes like a dream in the darkness which disappears, and
so it had to be until some really well prepared naturalists crossed the country in
different directions, of which, so far, he did not know a single example.⁵
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517
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