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| 0121 |
Southern Tibet : vol.2 |
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Tirtapuri Satlej. If we compare the two branches and ask which of them should
be reckoned as the original source of the Satlej, I should give this honour to the
one which has the longest course and comes from the highest and most extensive
glaciers. As a rule the Tirtapuri branch gets its water only from Transhimalayan
glaciers. But the Tage-tsangpo belongs to the Tirtapuri branch, even if it only
periodically continues as an effluence from the Rakas-tal. The length of this period
is of no significance whatever. So long as the lakes are not completely cut off
and becoming salt, they belong to the Satlej system. As a very important argu-
ment in favour of the Tage-tsangpo I regard, as shown before, the fact that the
Chinese and Tibetans themselves have regarded it as the source of the Satlej and
thus there is a historical as well as a natural argument in its favour. Under such
conditions it does not signify much that the Darma-yankti occasionally exceeds the
Tirtapuri branch.¹
Henry Strachey gives a good description of Kailas. He has heard the names
of the four temples round the mountain and calls them: Nindi, Didiphu, Jungdulphu,
and Gyanktang, the last mentioned situated in Gangri or Darchen. The Sar-chu,
coming from the Kailas, joins the channel of Lajandák. He knows both Dolma-la
and the Gauri-Kund lake, although he never saw them. He found that the small
streams La-chu and Barka were the only permanent affluents to Cho Lagan from
the Gangri mountains.
In attempting to find a channel of effluence from Cho Lagan he went a good
way westward towards Changchung and was floundering about the swampy ground
for a long while seeking in vain for the channel that did not exist. To escape
observation from Parka he passed at night along the northern shore towards the
east and found the La-chu 150 feet wide and 3 feet deep as a maximum. Two
miles farther on he crossed the Parka river, which was like the other, but a third
smaller in width and depth.
On October 5th he continued eastward at a little distance from the shore
of Rakas-tal, until he reached the eastern horn of the lake.
»A mile on, we came to a large stream 100 feet wide and 3 deep, running rapidly from
east to west through a well-defined channel: this was the outlet of Mánasarowar. It leaves
that lake from the northern quarter of its western shore, and winding through the isthmus of
low undulating ground, for four miles perhaps, falls into Rakas Tal in the bight formed by the
projecting headland above mentioned. Two or three miles to the eastward, we saw the back
of an odd looking eminence, in the face of which was Ju-Gumba, a Láma-shrine on the west
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