国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ

with and at about 100 m. from the shore line. To this bend it is forced by the
wall which here as well as along the northern shore follows the edge of the lake.
At Camp 215 the wall was 4.12 m. high. Finally it is broken through where the
river goes out into the lake. The valley of Tage-tsangpo comes from S. 88° E.
and is well marked, although situated between rather low hills.

Farther south-westwards from Camp 215 the hills recede leaving the
shore more open than before. The long narrow lagoons are like those along the
northern shore. They are some 15 m. across and separated from the lake by a
neck only 1 m. broad. The neck consists of sand and mud. These lagoons are to
be found only where the shore slopes down very gradually. The neck is formed
by the action of the waves and inside it the water is dammed and forms the lagoon.
They will have to follow the rise and fall of the lake. Only at periods when the
lake is unusually filled will they probably disappear altogether. Outside of them
the bottom of the lake is covered with gravel and sand. Inside of the lagoons
a line of dead algæ proves that the lake has been falling during the last
few years.

Not far S.W. of Tage-tsangpo the rivulet Nima-pendö enters the lake and forms
a very regular and typical delta. Just after having pierced the beach wall the river
divides in several branches, separated from each other by mud banks. Outside of
the delta is a natural pier, broken through at six places. These passages are only
about 1 m. broad and 2 dm. deep. Above the delta the river has very well marked
and perpendicular fluvial terraces about 1 m. high. There are a few miniature sand
dunes and comparatively good grass. The beach wall along the shore is 4 m. high.
The river comes out from between low hills, where, on the right side of the valley,
can be seen a terrace some 15 m. high and visible only towards the lake, but not
up in the valley. Nima-pendö had, on August 2nd, 1907, a breadth of 11 m., an
average depth of 0.163 m., an average velocity of 0.790 m. and a volume of 1.42
cub. m.

Farther south-westwards the hills, undulating, low, and yellowish, recede more
and more from the shore. Between them the rivulet Richung-chu issues with 1.80
cub. m. of water. At Jango-gompa, which is situated on the same shore terrace as
Tugu-gompa, the rivulet Richen-chu runs out into the lake, with almost the same
dimensions as Richung. Hardly a kilometer from the shore, the Richen divides into
three or four branches streaming over a very flat slope of gravel. At a narrow
place the river had a breadth of 4.05 m., an average depth of 0.29 m., an average
velocity of 1.5 m., and a volume of 1.76 cub. m., on August 5th. In the course of
four hours, towards evening, the volume augmented considerably.

The western front corner of Jango-gompa was, on August 5th, 1907, exactly
4.5 m. above the surface of the Manasarovar. The façade is due east and west;
the line at right angles from the west corner to the shore was 107.7 m; this line
must in 1910 have been some 30 m. shorter.