国立情報学研究所 - ディジタル・シルクロード・プロジェクト
『東洋文庫所蔵』貴重書デジタルアーカイブ
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| 0282 |
Southern Tibet : vol.2 |
| 南チベット : vol.2 |
引用情報
OCR読み取り結果
bed in the gorge, and consequent checking of the gradient immediately above it.
These circumstances might well give rise to the formation of an actual lake; the
existence of an exit, on the other hand, would depend on the rapidity of the move-
ment, the supply of water, and the nature of the climate. ¹
Oldham's view is no doubt applicable to the twin-lakes of the Manasarovar and
Rakas-tal as well as upon the twin-lakes of Tso-ngombo and Panggong-tso. The
same differential movements which raised the western parts of the Panggong basin
at a rate which was too quick for the erosion of the river to follow, may have in-
fluenced the valley of the uppermost Satlej in such a way that its two lakes had to
be formed. In the bed just west of the Rakas-tal no signs of a damming fan are
to be seen, and here the theory of Oldham seems to be the most plausible one.
There is, however, as pointed out before, a great difference in the state of
development of these two pairs of lakes, namely, that the Panggong lakes are al-
ready definitely cut off from all contact with the Indus system, and therefore forming
an entirely independent and self-contained basin. The last recipient of this basin is
Panggong itself, which is a salt-water lake.² The eastern lake, Tso-ngombo, has still
an effluent to the Panggong and is therefore perfectly fresh. In the case of the
Manasarovar lakes both are perfectly fresh and therefore in intermittent communica-
tion with the Satlej. From the above quotations we have found that the Tso-morari
has slightly brackish water and therefore it is cut off; regarding salinity it thus takes an
intermediate stage between the Manasarovar and Panggong. Or, in other words, the
salinity of the lakes increases from S.E. to N.W., or, the progress towards isolation from
the rivers and desiccation, proceeds quicker the farther N.W. the lakes are situated.
This state of things depends, at least to a considerable degree, upon the rainfall in
N.W. Himalaya which decreases from S.E. to N.W. Naini Tal has a rainfall varying
at different places, from 234 to 280cm., Mussooree has 234, Chakrata 157, Simla
173, Marri 147cm. In the interior valleys and ranges the rainfall is much less.
Srinagar has only 94, Almora 96cm. ³ The drainage areas of the Tso-morari and
Panggong-tso must therefore receive comparatively less precipitation than that of the
Manasarovar. The state in which we now find the two first-mentioned lakes probably
indicates the direction towards which the Manasarovar proceeds.
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18
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30
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41
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51
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62
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73
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83
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95
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109
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121
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132
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144
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155
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167
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177
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187
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198
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209
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223
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237
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249
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259
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269
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279
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284
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289
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305
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323
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334
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345
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356
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367
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381
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393
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403
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415
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428
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445
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461
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473
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487
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503
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517
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532
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