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| 0356 |
Southern Tibet : vol.2 |
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Chema-yundung flows in a fairly straight line E.S.E., and it keeps north of the high
peak instead of south of it. Ryder's main river receives two tributaries from S.W.
One of them may be meant as the upper course of the Kubi, although, as we know,
the confluence of the Chema and Kubi takes place below the confluence of the
Chema and Maryum-chu.
Ryder has mixed the two rivers and made the Chema and the Kubi to one
river. I do not say this as a criticism of Ryder's brilliant map, which is by far the
best ever made of any part of Tibet, and from his route which kept north of the
joint river, the Kubi and the Chema, it was practically impossible to solve the
problem, nay, even to tell where the different streams came from. I only say it to
show how necessary a survey was, step by step up to the very source of the main
branch. If we let the Chema, as Nain Sing does, start from the Tamlung-la, it
flows in an almost straight line towards the confluence. But if we regard the river
from its real source in Chema-yundung-pu, it indeed flows in a sharp angle. This
angle points to the north and not to the south as on Ryder's map.
It is curious, from the point of view of historical exploration, to observe that
almost the same misunderstanding we have found on Ryder's map was made already
200 years earlier by the Lamas and represented on d'Anville's map of 1733. The
Lamas made one river of the upper Chema and the lower Kubi, and they made the
lower Chema join the Maryum-Chu. Ryder makes the Kubi a tributary to the
Chema, which joins the Maryum-chu. On his map the lower Kubi has dwindled to
a separate tributary. Hydrographically the Lama map is more correct, for there the
Kubi may also be recognised in the name Tamchok, which is its source.
Graham Sandberg in his last book¹ returns to the problem of the source of
the Tsangpo, and it should be remembered that it appeared after the publication of
Ryder's and Rawling's reports. Sandberg translates Tāmchhok Khābab by »the
downflowing mouth of the best horse«² and says the Tāmchhok is a fabulous steed
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